Homeostatic Imbalance Flashcards

1
Q

Factors affecting range of motion of synovial joints:

A

structure/shape of articulating bones; strength/tension of ligaments; arrangement & tension of muscles; contact of soft parts (e.g. adipose); hormones; disuse

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2
Q

Arthritis is a what kind of disorder?

A

inflammatory joint disorder in which changes in joint structure occur.

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3
Q

Falling on one’s knee can cause a

A

bursitis, called “water on the knee” due to inflammation of bursae/synovial membrane

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4
Q

What happens in a sprain?

A

The ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are: damaged by excessive stretching, or torn away from the bone

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5
Q

What is the most widespread, crippling disease in the U.S.?

A

arthritis

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6
Q

Pain, stiffness and swelling of the joint are the initial symptoms of

A

all forms of arthritis

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7
Q

Acute forms of arthritis usually result from

A

bacterial invasion, and are treated with antibiotics

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8
Q

Three chronic forms of arthritis are

A

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis

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9
Q

Most common form of arthritis, chronic degenerative condition (generally affects the aged)

A

osteoarthritis (OA)

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10
Q

OA affects

A

articular cartilages, as it softens, frays and breaks down [85% of people in the U.S. will develop the condition]

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11
Q

As OA progresses, exposed bone thickens and…

A

extra bone tissue (bone spurs) grows around the margins of the eroded cartilage and restricts joint movement

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12
Q

OA affected joints may make a ____ when moved

A

crunching noise (crepitus)

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13
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in

A

mostly middle-aged women (3x more often than men), many joints are affected at the same time (usually symmetrically); its course varies with remissions and flare-ups

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14
Q

What happens in RA (in the beginning)?

A

RA is an autoimmune disease, and begins with inflammation of the synovial membranes, causing thickening and swelling with accumulating synovial fluid. Inflammatory cells enter the joint cavity and destroy body tissues as they release a deluge of inflammatory chemicals.

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15
Q

What does the inflamed synovial membrane become in RA in time?

A

It thickens into a pannus (“rag”), an abnormal tissue that clings to and erodes articular cartilages, causing scar tissue to form.

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16
Q

What happens to the scar tissue in RA?

A

Eventually it ossifies, and the bone ends it connects become firmly fused (ankylosis)