Homeostatic Imbalance Flashcards
Factors affecting range of motion of synovial joints:
structure/shape of articulating bones; strength/tension of ligaments; arrangement & tension of muscles; contact of soft parts (e.g. adipose); hormones; disuse
Arthritis is a what kind of disorder?
inflammatory joint disorder in which changes in joint structure occur.
Falling on one’s knee can cause a
bursitis, called “water on the knee” due to inflammation of bursae/synovial membrane
What happens in a sprain?
The ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are: damaged by excessive stretching, or torn away from the bone
What is the most widespread, crippling disease in the U.S.?
arthritis
Pain, stiffness and swelling of the joint are the initial symptoms of
all forms of arthritis
Acute forms of arthritis usually result from
bacterial invasion, and are treated with antibiotics
Three chronic forms of arthritis are
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis
Most common form of arthritis, chronic degenerative condition (generally affects the aged)
osteoarthritis (OA)
OA affects
articular cartilages, as it softens, frays and breaks down [85% of people in the U.S. will develop the condition]
As OA progresses, exposed bone thickens and…
extra bone tissue (bone spurs) grows around the margins of the eroded cartilage and restricts joint movement
OA affected joints may make a ____ when moved
crunching noise (crepitus)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in
mostly middle-aged women (3x more often than men), many joints are affected at the same time (usually symmetrically); its course varies with remissions and flare-ups
What happens in RA (in the beginning)?
RA is an autoimmune disease, and begins with inflammation of the synovial membranes, causing thickening and swelling with accumulating synovial fluid. Inflammatory cells enter the joint cavity and destroy body tissues as they release a deluge of inflammatory chemicals.
What does the inflamed synovial membrane become in RA in time?
It thickens into a pannus (“rag”), an abnormal tissue that clings to and erodes articular cartilages, causing scar tissue to form.