Homeostasis - The Endocrine System 130-133

Question 1

what are hormones
4 points

Answer 1

1) chemical hormones released directly into the blood and only affect particular cells in certain organs called target organs
2) they control things that need constant adjustment
3) they’re produced by various glands called endocrine glands
4) they tend to have relatively long-lasting effects

Question 2

what are the endocrine glands
6 points

Answer 2

1) pituitary gland
2) thyroid
3) adrenal glands
4) pancreas
5) ovaries
6) testes

Question 3

what is the role of the pituitary gland
2 points

Answer 3

1) produces hormones that regulate body conditions
2) these hormones act on other glands directing them to release hormones

Question 4

what is the role of the thyroid
2 points

Answer 4

1) this produces thyroxine
2) which is involved in regulating things like the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

Question 5

what is the role of the adrenal gland
2 points

Answer 5

1) produces adrenaline
2) used to prepare the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response

Question 6

what is the role of the pancreas
2 points

Answer 6

1) produces insulin
2) used to regulate the blood glucose level

Question 7

what is the role of the ovaries
2 points

Answer 7

1) produces oestrogen
2) involved in the menstrual cycle

Question 8

what is the role of the testes
2 points

Answer 8

1) produces testosterone
2) controls puberty and sperm production

Question 9

what are the differences between nerves and hormones
3 points

Answer 9

1) nerves act faster
2) hormones act for a longer time
3) nerves act on a very precise area

Question 10

how does insulin and glucagon control blood glucose level
5 points

Answer 10

1) eating food with carbs, puts glucose into the blood from the gut
2) the normal metabolism of cells removes glucose from the blood
3) vigorous exercise removes much more glucose from the blood
4) excess glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and in the muscles
5) the level of glucose in the blood must be kept safely, changes are monitored and controlled by the pancreas using the hormones insulin and glucagon in a negative feedback cycle

Question 12

what is the negative feedback cycle for when the blood glucose level is too high
4 points

Answer 12

1) insulin is secreted by the pancreas
2) insulin removes glucose from the blood into the liver and muscle cells
3) insulin makes the lover turn glucose into glycogen
4) so the blood glucose level is reduced

Question 13

what is the negative feedback cycle for when the blood glucose level is too low
4 points

Answer 13

1) glucagon is secreted by the pancreas
2) glucagon goes into the liver and makes it turn glycogen into glucose
3) glucose is released into the blood by the liver
4) so the blood glucose level increases

Question 14

what is diabetes

Answer 14

a condition that affects your ability to control your blood sugar level

Question 15

explain type 1 diabetes
5 points

Answer 15

1) when the pancreas produces little or no insulin
2) this means a person’s blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them
3) people with this need insulin therapy, where you take insulin injections throughout the day and is very effective
4) the amount that needs to be injected depends on a persons diet and exercise
5) as well as this people need to limit the intake of food rich in simple carbs and take regular exercise

Question 16

explain type 2 diabetes
4 points

Answer 16

1) when a person becomes resistant to their own insulin
2) this can cause a person’s blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level
3) being overweight can increase your chance of getting type 2 diabetes, it’s a major risk factor
4) it can be controlled by eating a carb controlled diet and getting regular exercise