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bio 12 > Homeostasis Test > Flashcards

Homeostasis Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Process of Urine Formation Consists of What Three Steps?

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
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2
Q

Reabsorption Refers to …

A

The movement of substances from the tubule back into the blood via the peritubular capillaries

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3
Q

Filtration Refers to …

A

Movement of substances from the blood into the nephron at the glomerulus

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4
Q

Secretion Refers to …

A

The movement of substances from the blood into the nephron via the peritubular capillaries

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5
Q

During Reabsorption, Water is Reabsorbed at the ______ ________, the ________ ____ __ ______, and the ______ _____ via Osmosis.

A

Proximal Tubule, Descending Loop of Henle, and Distal Tubule

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6
Q

In Filtration, ___________ like Proteins and Blood Cells are Unable to Pass Through.

A

Large Materials

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7
Q

In Secretion, H+, K+, Toxins (drugs), Ammonia Moves into the ________ at the Proximal and Distal Tubules via Active Transport.

A

Nephron

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8
Q

Where Does Secretion Happen at?

A

Proximal tubule, and distal tubule

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9
Q

What is the Glomerulus in the Nephron?

A

A network of blood capillaries in the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron, where waste products are filtered from the blood into the kidney tubule.

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10
Q

What are Nephrons?

A

Nephrons are responsible for the formation of urine

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11
Q

Within the Cortex and Medulla are Structures Called __________.

A

Nephrons

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12
Q

Nephrons are Responsible for What?

A

The formation of urine

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13
Q

After Urine has Been Produced and Concentrated in the Nephron, it Leaves the Nephron via __________ _________.

A

Collecting ducts

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14
Q

After Urine Production the Collecting Ducts Merge in the ______ ______ and the Urine will Enter the ______.

A

Renal Pelvis,

Ureter

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15
Q

The Ureter Carries Urine to the _______.

A

Bladder

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16
Q

The _______ Carries the Urine from the Bladder to the Outside Environment.

A

Urethra

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17
Q

Water Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule Can or Cannot be Controlled?

A

Cannot be Controlled

18
Q

65% of the water that enters the nephron is reabsorbed in the ______ ______.

A

Proximal Tubule

19
Q

Water Reabsorption in the Descending Loop of Henle Can or Cannot be Controlled?

A

Cannot be Controlled

20
Q

20% of the Water that Enters the Nephron is Reabsorbed at the Descending ____ __ ______.

A

Loop of Henle

21
Q

Water Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct are Under What Control?

A

Homeostatic Control

22
Q

15% of the Water That Enters the Nephron can be Reabsorbed Where?

A

The distal tubule and collecting ducts

23
Q

Osmoreceptors in the Cells of the ___________ Monitor the [Water] in the Blood.

A

Hypothalamus

24
Q

What Happens When the [Water] in the Blood Decreases?

A

Water leaves the cells of the hypothalamus, triggering the osmoreceptors

25
Q

The OR Sends a Signal to Where?

A

The pituitary gland

26
Q

The pituitary Gland Releases What?

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

27
Q

What Happens When the [Water] in the Blood Increases?

A

The osmoreceptors are not triggered

28
Q

What do Diuretics do?

A

Decrease water reabsorption in the kidney

29
Q

Alcohol Inhibits the Production of What?

A

ADH

30
Q

Caffeine Prevents What?

A

ADH from attaching to the collecting ducts in the kidney

31
Q

A Decrease in Blood Pressure is Recognized by What?

A

Baroreceptors

32
Q

Baroreceptors Release What Into the Blood?

A

Renin

33
Q

A Decrease in Blood Pressure is Recognized by Baroreceptors in the Arteries Near What?

A

Glomerulus

34
Q

Renin Converts What Into What? (an inactive pr- enzyme produced by the liver)

A

Angiotensinogen Into Angiotensin

35
Q

The Adrenal Glands Release What?

A

Aldosterone

36
Q

What Constricts the Blood Vessels, Triggers Thirst, and Targets the Adrenal Glands?

A

Angiotensin

37
Q

What Increases Na+ Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct?

A

Aldosterone

38
Q

Water Moves out of the Nephron and Into the Peritubular Capillaries Due to …

A

The change in osmotic pressure

39
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The process of maintaining relatively constant internal conditions

40
Q

Specialized Cells in the Pancreas are Called What?

A

The islets of Langerhans

41
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

A system of glands that regulates bodily functions via hormones secreted into the bloodstream

42
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Chemical regulators that are made in one part of the body but affect other part(s) of the body

bio 12 (4 decks)

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