Homeostasis Test Flashcards
The Process of Urine Formation Consists of What Three Steps?
- Filtration
- Reabsorption
- Secretion
Reabsorption Refers to …
The movement of substances from the tubule back into the blood via the peritubular capillaries
Filtration Refers to …
Movement of substances from the blood into the nephron at the glomerulus
Secretion Refers to …
The movement of substances from the blood into the nephron via the peritubular capillaries
During Reabsorption, Water is Reabsorbed at the ______ ________, the ________ ____ __ ______, and the ______ _____ via Osmosis.
Proximal Tubule, Descending Loop of Henle, and Distal Tubule
In Filtration, ___________ like Proteins and Blood Cells are Unable to Pass Through.
Large Materials
In Secretion, H+, K+, Toxins (drugs), Ammonia Moves into the ________ at the Proximal and Distal Tubules via Active Transport.
Nephron
Where Does Secretion Happen at?
Proximal tubule, and distal tubule
What is the Glomerulus in the Nephron?
A network of blood capillaries in the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron, where waste products are filtered from the blood into the kidney tubule.
What are Nephrons?
Nephrons are responsible for the formation of urine
Within the Cortex and Medulla are Structures Called __________.
Nephrons
Nephrons are Responsible for What?
The formation of urine
After Urine has Been Produced and Concentrated in the Nephron, it Leaves the Nephron via __________ _________.
Collecting ducts
After Urine Production the Collecting Ducts Merge in the ______ ______ and the Urine will Enter the ______.
Renal Pelvis,
Ureter
The Ureter Carries Urine to the _______.
Bladder
The _______ Carries the Urine from the Bladder to the Outside Environment.
Urethra
Water Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule Can or Cannot be Controlled?
Cannot be Controlled
65% of the water that enters the nephron is reabsorbed in the ______ ______.
Proximal Tubule
Water Reabsorption in the Descending Loop of Henle Can or Cannot be Controlled?
Cannot be Controlled
20% of the Water that Enters the Nephron is Reabsorbed at the Descending ____ __ ______.
Loop of Henle
Water Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct are Under What Control?
Homeostatic Control
15% of the Water That Enters the Nephron can be Reabsorbed Where?
The distal tubule and collecting ducts
Osmoreceptors in the Cells of the ___________ Monitor the [Water] in the Blood.
Hypothalamus
What Happens When the [Water] in the Blood Decreases?
Water leaves the cells of the hypothalamus, triggering the osmoreceptors
The OR Sends a Signal to Where?
The pituitary gland
The pituitary Gland Releases What?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
What Happens When the [Water] in the Blood Increases?
The osmoreceptors are not triggered
What do Diuretics do?
Decrease water reabsorption in the kidney
Alcohol Inhibits the Production of What?
ADH
Caffeine Prevents What?
ADH from attaching to the collecting ducts in the kidney
A Decrease in Blood Pressure is Recognized by What?
Baroreceptors
Baroreceptors Release What Into the Blood?
Renin
A Decrease in Blood Pressure is Recognized by Baroreceptors in the Arteries Near What?
Glomerulus
Renin Converts What Into What? (an inactive pr- enzyme produced by the liver)
Angiotensinogen Into Angiotensin
The Adrenal Glands Release What?
Aldosterone
What Constricts the Blood Vessels, Triggers Thirst, and Targets the Adrenal Glands?
Angiotensin
What Increases Na+ Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct?
Aldosterone
Water Moves out of the Nephron and Into the Peritubular Capillaries Due to …
The change in osmotic pressure
What is Homeostasis?
The process of maintaining relatively constant internal conditions
Specialized Cells in the Pancreas are Called What?
The islets of Langerhans
What is the Endocrine System?
A system of glands that regulates bodily functions via hormones secreted into the bloodstream
What are Hormones?
Chemical regulators that are made in one part of the body but affect other part(s) of the body
