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Homeostasis Test > Homeostasis Test > Flashcards

Homeostasis Test Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Base of the brain

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2
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

secrete hormones or make other glands secrete hormones

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3
Q

where is the thyroid gland located

A

in the neck

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4
Q

what is the function of the thyroid gland

A

to secrete T4and T3

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5
Q

What do T4 and T3 do

A

regulate body temp, metabolism and energy levels

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6
Q

where is the parathyroid gland located

A

behind the thyroid gland in the neck

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7
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid gland

A

regulate calcium levels

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8
Q

how does the parathyroid gland regulate calcium levels

A

secretes PTH which releases calcium from bones and tells excretory system to absorb more calcium

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9
Q

What are two ways to increase blood pressure

A

Angiotensin: decrese the diameter of blood vessels
Aldosterone: increases the amount of fluid flowing into blood vessels by increasing NA+ concentration in blood

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10
Q

what is hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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11
Q

why is hypertention (high blood pressure) a health risk

A

it can strain organs and lead to their failure

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12
Q

what cells monitor blood pressure

A

juxtaglomerular receptor cells

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13
Q

what hormone regulates water balance in blood

A

anti diruretic hormone

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14
Q

where is ADH produced

A

hypothalamus

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15
Q

where is adh stored

A

pituitary gland

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16
Q

what cells are responsible for the secretion of adh

A

osmoregulator cells

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17
Q

when is adh secreted

A

high osmotic pressure
high solute conc. in blood
dehydrated

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18
Q

when is adh not secreted

A

low osmotic pressure
low solute conc. in blood
hydrated

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19
Q

what does the body do when there is high osmotic pressure

A

adh is secreted from the pituitary gland, it binds to receptors on the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct, this openes up aquaporins which reabsorb more water

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20
Q

is filtration nephron into blood or blood into nephron

A

blood into nephron

21
Q

is reabsorption blood into nephron or nephron into blood

A

nephron into blood

22
Q

is secretion blood into nephron or nephron into blood

A

blood into nephron

23
Q

after the fluid is pushed from glomerulus into bowmans capsule what is it then called

A

primary urine

24
Q

what does primary urone contain

A

glucose, salt, urea, AA

25
Q

what cells line the proximal convoluted tubule

A

endothelial cells

26
Q

does active or passive transport happen first in the PCT

A

active

27
Q

what happens during active transport in the PCT

A

Na/K pumps in the endothelial cells pump Na out of the primary urine and back into the blood.

28
Q

Since active transport in the PCT cant work by itself, what powers it

A

ATP

29
Q

what does the Na/K pump create in the nephron

A

conc. gradient

30
Q

what happens during passive transport in the PCT

A

Cl anions follow the Na ions out of the nephron because of charge attraction.
water, glucose and AA follow the conc. gradient and go back into the bloodstream

31
Q

what happens in the descending limb of the loop of henle

A

its permeable to water but not Na. Its saltier outside the limb so water flows out causing conc. urine

32
Q

what the conc. of the urine at the bottom of the loop of henle

A

1200

33
Q

what happens in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

its permeable to Na but not water. Na leaves the limb with Cl ions following it. (charge attraction) the urine is less conc.

34
Q

what happens in the DCT

A

it fine tunes the urine, reabsorbing any other water or electrolytes the blood needs

35
Q

what happens in the collecting duct

A

most of the remaining water in the urine is absorbed creating conc. uring

36
Q

what happens after the urine passes through the collecting duct

A

it goes to the renal pelvis

37
Q

what happens after urine goes to the renal pelvis

A

it goes down the ureters and collects in the bladder for storage

38
Q

what organisms match the osmolarity of their environment

A

osmoconformers (squid)

39
Q

what organisms have a consant osmolarity despite their external environment

A

osmoregulators (humans)

40
Q

what does a negative feedback loop do

A

start, end, repeat.
activated when needed

41
Q

what does a positive feedback loop do

A

start, end, repeat until process is done.

42
Q

give an example of a positive feedback loop

A

childbirth

43
Q

give an example of a negative feedback loop

A

insulin/glucagon or body temp

44
Q

how are the nervous and endocrine systems different

A

endocrine: releases hormones that are slower acting but longer lasting
Nervous: electrical signals that act almost immidiately

45
Q

what are the different classifications of hormones

A

peptide, steroid, amino acid, fatty acid

46
Q

example of a peptide hormone

A

FSH, LH, oxytocin

47
Q

example of a steroid hormone

A

testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

48
Q

example of an AA hormone

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine

49
Q
A

Homeostasis Test (1 decks)

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