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BIOH111 > Homeostasis, Cell Organisation and the Function of Specific Organelles > Flashcards

Homeostasis, Cell Organisation and the Function of Specific Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Define organelles

A

Specialised structures with characteristic shape and specific functions.

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2
Q

Name THREE (3) organelles

A 
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
The Golgi Complex
Mitochondria
Proteasome
Lysosome
Peroxisomes
Centrosome
Cilia & Flagella
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3
Q

Describe the structure of each of the organelles

Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
The Golgi Complex
Mitochondria
Proteasome
Lysosome
Peroxisomes
Centrosome
Cilia & Flagella
A

Nucleus: Spherical structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): tubules in the cytoplasm that connect to the nuclear envelope
Ribosomes: consist of two subunits one large and one small
The Golgi Complex: three to twenty small, stacked, flattened membranous sacs known as the cisternae
Mitochondria: Double membrane bound organelle
Proteasome: Barrell shaped structure
Lysosome: membrane-enclosed vehicle
Peroxisomes: small and membrane-enclosed
Centrosome: wo cylindrical centrioles
Cilia & Flagella: motile projections of the cell surface that are composed of microtubules

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4
Q

Describe 1 function for each of the organelles.

Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
The Golgi Complex
Mitochondria
Proteasome
Lysosome
Peroxisomes
Centrosome
Cilia & Flagella
A

Nucleus: Controls cellular structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): protein synthesis
Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis
The Golgi Complex: transport pathway for proteins
Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, ATP production
Proteasome: Destruction of unneeded or damaged proteins
Lysosome: break down of molecules
Peroxisomes: detoxifies hydrogen peroxide and free radicals
Centrosome: encourages growth of miotic spindle
Cilia & Flagella: move material across surface of cell

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5
Q

Define gene expression.

A

A genes DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein.

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6
Q

The cell’s DNA is found in the _______ of the cell.

A

nucleus

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7
Q

DNA is a molecule of two strands twisted around each other to form a _________.

A

double helix

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8
Q

Name nucleotides or nitrogen-containing nucleobases in DNA.

A

adenine (A) and thymine (T) and cytosine (C) and guanine (G)

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9
Q

Chromosomes are long molecules of ______ coiled together with histones (proteins)

A

DNA

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10
Q

A somatic cell (any cell in the body besides sperm and egg cells) has ___ chromosomes (__ pairs).

A

46, 23

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11
Q

The human body is comprised of six levels of organisation which include:

C\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
C\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
T\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
O\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
S\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
O\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
System level
Organisational level
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12
Q

Cytoplasm is made up of the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
It consists of two components:

A

Cytosol

Organelles

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13
Q

The cytosol is the ______ of the cytoplasm that surrounds the _______ and is the site of c______ r______

A

fluid, organelles, chemical reactions

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14
Q

What are the three (3) protein filament systems of the Cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments- the thinnest filaments and are composed of actin and myosin. It is prevalent at the edge of the cell. It generates movement and provides mechanical support.

Intermediate filaments- the intermediate size is made up of different types of proteins. It stabilises the position of organelles and attaches one cell to another.

Microtubules- the largest in size and are composed of the protein tubulin. They are long, hollow tubes that determine the cell shape and the movement of organelles.

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15
Q

Microfilaments function

A

Movement and mechanical support

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16
Q

Intermediate filaments function

A

stablise organelles

attach cells

17
Q

Microtubules function

A

cell shape

movement of organelle

18
Q

Cilia function

A

Move materials across cells surface

19
Q

Flagella function

A

move entire cell (e.g. sperm)

20
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) function

A

synthesis of fatty acids and steriods

21
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) function

A

protein synthesis

22
Q

Ribosomes function

A

protein synthesis

23
Q

Golgi complex function

A

modify, sort and package proteins

24
Q

Mitochondria function

A

ATP production

25
Q

Protasome function

A

destroys unneeded, damaged or faulty proteins

26
Q

Peroxisome function

A

oxidise amino and fatty acids

27
Q

Lysosome function

A

digestion of endocytic vesicles and worn out organelle \s

28
Q

Centrosome function

A

Growth of miotic spindle

BIOH111 (5 decks)

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