HOMEOSTASIS AND RESPONSE

Question 1

WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS?

Answer 1

Regulation of conditions in the body to changes to internal and external conditions

Question 2

WHAT ARE OUR TEI AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

Answer 2

Nervous and normal communication

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN COMPONENTS OF HOMEOSTASIS?

Answer 3

Receptors

Cooridination centres

Effectors

Question 4

WHAT IS

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Answer 4

1. Receptor detects a stimulus is too high/low
2. The cooridination centre receives info and process the info and organised a response
3. The effector produces a response which counteracts he change and restores the optimum level— level decreases/increases

Effectors witless carry on producing this response as long as it’s stimulated by the cooridination centre or the negative feedback will start all over again

Question 5

WHAT IS THE CENTRAL NEEOUS SYSTEM?

Answer 5

Received information from a receptor and coordinates a response

Spinal cords and brains

Connected by sensory and motor neurones

Question 6

WHAT ARE SENSORY NEURONES

Answer 6

They carry info as electrical impulses from receptors to the CNS

Question 7

WHAT ARE MOTOR NEURONES

Answer 7

They carry electrical impulses from CNS to effects

Question 8

WHAT ARE EFFECTORS?

Answer 8

All muscles and glands which respond to nervous impulses

Question 9

WHAT ARE RECEPTORS

Answer 9

Cells that detect stimuli

They can form part of larger, complex organs like retina of the eye

Question 10

WHAT DO EFFECTORS RESPOND TO

Answer 10

Nervous impulses and bring about change

Question 11

WHAT ARE EFFECTORS

Answer 11

Muscles- contract in response to a nervous impulse

GLANDS secrete hormones

Question 12

WHAT ARE SYNAPSES

Answer 12

Connection between 2 neurones

Nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap

Chemicals set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

Question 13

WHAT ARE REFEXES

Answer 13

Rapid automatic responses that don’t involve the conscious part of the brain

Question 14

WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF REFLEXES

Answer 14

Bright light pupils dilate to stop damage

GET SHOCKED body release the hormone adrenaline

REFLEX ARC passage of information in a reflex

Question 15

WHAT ARE HORMONES

Answer 15

Chemical molecules released directly into the blood

Only affect particular cells in particular organs(TARGET ORGANS)

Produces in endocrine glands

Long lasting effects

Question 16

WHAT IS THE PITUITARY GLAND

Answer 16

MASTER GLAND releases hormones that bring about change

Produces many hormones—> body conditions

Question 17

WHATS THE THYROID GLAND

Answer 17

Produces thyroxine that regulates metabolism, heart rate & temperature

Question 18

WHATS THE ADRENAL GLAND

Answer 18

Produces adrenaline which gives off the fight or flight response

Question 19

WHAT DOES THE PANCREAS DO

Answer 19

Produces insulin

Regulates blood glucose level

Question 20

WHAT DO OVARIES

Answer 20

Produces oestrogen

Question 21

WHAT ARE TESTES

Answer 21

Produces testosterone that controls puberty & sperm production

Question 22

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NERVES & HORMONES?

Answer 22

Nerves. Hormones Fast Action. Slower action short time. Long time
Precise areas. More general way

Question 23

DESCRIBE CONTROLLING BLOOD GLUCOSE

Answer 23

Carbohydrates put glucose into the blood

Metabolism-> removes glucose from the blood

Exercising removes much more glucose

Excess glucose——> glycogen

Level of glucose —must be kept steady

Question 24

WHAT DOES DIABETES DO?

Answer 24

Affect the ability to control your blood sugar level

Question 25

WHAT IS TYPE 1 DIABETES?

Answer 25

Pancreas produces little/ no insulin

BGL can rise— can kill them

Insulin therapy: injections are injected regularly that removes glucose quickly— stop getting too high

Question 26

WHAT IS TYPE 2 DIABETES

Answer 26

Become resistant to your insulin

Raise BGL to a dangerous level

Obese — increases chance

Carbohydrate controlled diet + regular exercise

Question 27

DESCRIBE KIDNEYS

Answer 27

Produces urines- waste products out of blood

Filters blood by filtration

SELECTIVE REABSORPTION-Glucose, Ions & water- absorbed back into the blood

Question 28

DESCRIBE UREA

Answer 28

Proteins converts into fats & carbohydrates- deamination

Ammonia- waste product of deamination

Ammonia- toxic! Converted into urea in liver

• transported to kidneys
• filtered from blood- exerted in urea

Question 29

WHAT IS THE CONCENTRATION OF URINE CONTROLLED BY

Answer 29

ADH- anti-diuretic hormone

This is released into the bloodstream by the pituitary gland

Question 30

WHAT MONITORS WATER CONTENT IN THE BRAIN AND TELL THE PITUITARY GLAND TO RELEASE ADH

Answer 30

The brain

Question 31

WHAT IS WATER CONTENT REGULATION CONTROLLED BY

Answer 31

Negative feedback

Question 32

WHAT IS KIDNEY FAILURE

Answer 32

Loss of the ability to control levels of Ions and water

Waste substances build up

Question 33

HOW IS KIDNEY FAILURE TREATED

Answer 33

Kidney dialysis and transplants

Question 34

WHY IS DIALYSIS DONE

Answer 34

To keep he concentrations of dissolved substances of blood normal and remove waste products

Question 35

WHAT HAPPENEDS DURING KIDNEY DIALYSIS

Answer 35

Blood flows between partially permeable membranes

Perméable to Ions and waste, not proteins

Question 36

WHAT IS DIALYSIS FLUID

Answer 36

Same concentration of glucose Ions as healthy blood

Question 37

What are the cons of dialysis treatment

Answer 37

May cause blood clots or infections
Not please
Expensive for the NHS

Question 38

WHAT IS PUBERTY

Answer 38

When your body starts to:
•release sex hormones
•secondary characteristics, eg pubes and boobs
• eggs to mature

Question 39

DESCRIBE THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Answer 39

Stage 1: meat ration starts and uterus lining brakes down (usually 4 days)

Stage 2: uterus lining builds up(day 4-14)

Stage 3: egg develops and is released(OVALULATION)

Stage 4: wall is maintained 14 days

No fertilised egg—> back to stage 1