Homeostasis And Control Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of physiology?

A

The study of the physical and chemical basis of life processes, with a special emphasis on how these processes are integrated in cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and the whole organism

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2
Q

What is steady-state?

A

Under normal conditions, the time-averaged value of chemical and physical variables is maintained fairly constant

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3
Q

How do disturbances affect steady-state?

A

They can result in a new steady state

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4
Q

Failure to re-establish stead-state equilibrium can result in?

A

Death

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5
Q

What is control volume?

A

An arbitrary value in which the mass of the continuum remains constant

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6
Q

What is the relationship between steady-state and control volume?

A

At steady-state, energy within the control volume is also constant

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7
Q

What is the driving force of chemical reactions?

A

Concentration

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8
Q

What would happen if you increase the concentration of a chemical reaction?

A

More frequent collisions and an increased rate of reaction

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9
Q

What is the driving force of passive diffusion?

A

Concentration

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10
Q

What impacts passive diffusion?

A

Membrane parameters and membrane permeability

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11
Q

What would cause an increase in flux during passive diffusion + reaction?

A

Substrate reacting away

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12
Q

Why are facilitated diffusion and active transport necessary?

A

For movement of large solutes and movement against currents

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13
Q

What is convection?

A

The movement of liquid

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14
Q

What is the driving force of convection?

A

Pressure gradient

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15
Q

What are purely hydrostatic pressure driven systems dependent on?

A

Permeability of the vessel

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16
Q

What is convection + solvent drag?

A

Solutes in the ultra-filtrate that are transported back by the flow of water rather than specifically by ion pumps or other membrane transport proteins

17
Q

How is the flow of an ionic current determined?

A

Force x conductance

18
Q

What is fluid sheer force dependent on?

19
Q

How can a compression force be calculated?

A

How much it deforms/how much pressure

20
Q

What is hoop stress?

A

Force on vessel due to pressure

21
Q

What are some examples of negative feedback control?

A

Temperature, blood pressure and blood sugar

22
Q

What are some examples of positive feedback control?

A

Platelet activation, inflammation

23
Q

What is feed forward control?

A

The system anticipates change in a controlled variable before it occurs by monitoring changes in the external environment

24
Q

What are some examples of feed forward control?

A

Salivating before eating, excitement before a race

25
What are some characteristics of control systems?
They can be variable and adaptive. Components and complexity are determined by control volume or system
26
What is proportional negative feedback?
Responds to change
27
What is integral negative feedback?
Compensation for the past to elongate residual error
28
What is derivative negative feedback?
Anticipatory control/dampening
29
T/F: Substrate concentration is always the rate limiting factor for michaelis-menten kinetics.
False
30
T/F: In the venous system, the colloid osmotic pressure is greater than that of hydraulic pressure.
True
31
What is required for reputake of water into the blood vasculature after ultrafiltration in the kidneys?
High colloid osmotic pressure and low hydraulic pressure in the blood vasculature
32
T/F: The net movement of fluids between the arterial vasculature and the interstitial fluid is towards the inside of the blood vessel
False
33
T/F: The lower the gain of the system, the more efficient it is at maintaining homeostasis
False
34
What is hydraulic (hydrostatic) pressure?
The force of the fluid volume against a membrane