Homeostasis Flashcards
what are the 4 components to homeostatic mechanisms
- Variable
- Sensor (detects changes in env)
- Integrator (determines setpoint)
- Effector (provides means to respond to stim)
What is a negative feedback loop and what is its goal
Occurs when feedback results in a reversal of the direction of change
(tends to stabilize a system)
What is a positive feedback loop and what is the goal (+ex)
Occurs when feedback results in amplification of change
only considered healthy if there is an definite end point (ex. childbirth
what are 4 physiological responses to stress
Cardio- increase BP, speed, rythm
respiratory- increased speed and vol of respiration
Metabolic- Increased breakdown of glycogen, blood glu, breakdown of lipods
Horomonal changes
What is the reserve capacity of tissues
The reserve capacity of most tissues is at least double there functional capacity
What are the types of connective tissue cells (6)
- fibroblasts/fibrocytes
- adipocytes
- Blood cells
- Mast cells
- Cartilage cells
- Bone cells
What are the 2 connective tissues of the extracellular matrix
- collagen- mc strong/thicc + flexable
2. Elastin- makes tissues elastic
What does the superficial fascia connect to and function
connects skin to underlying structures (the dermis to other layers)
-facilitates mvmt of the skin over rather parts of the body
What are 4 functions of the deep fascia
- covers underlying mm
- functions as intramuscular septa
- covers each nerve
- forms sheath around large arteries
What are the 2 cell membrane pros and function
Integral- extend thru entire thickness of the membrane
Peripheral- only attached to one side of the cell membrane
Function of occluding junctions
Limits the passage of molecules + ions thru spaces bw cells/blocks intracellular mvmt
Function of anchoring junctions (+ strongest varient)
Attaches cells together of cells to extracellular matrix (mechanical support)
-Desmosomes are strongest cell-cell conections
What can move thru simple diffusion
down conc gradient
-o2, co2, fatty acids
What is osmosis
simple diffusion of water from a solution of lower solute to one of higher solute
What are the 2 types of active transport
Primary- uses the energy source to directly transport molecules
secondary- Uses the energy of a concentration or electrochemical gradient caused by primary transport
