Homeostasis

Question 0

What do humans need to control by homeostasis? (3 marks)

Answer 0

Water and ions Body temperature Blood glucose

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 2

What waste products do humans need to remove?

Answer 2

CO 2 and urea

Question 3

What is urea?

Answer 3

Broken down amino acids

Question 4

Where is urea made?

Answer 4

In the liver

Question 5

Where does urea get removed?

Answer 5

In the kidney

Question 6

Why is concentrated urine darker in colour?

Answer 6

It contains less water

Question 7

What are the filtration units of the kidney?

Answer 7

Nephrons

Question 8

What are the 3 main steps of urine production?

Answer 8

Ultrafiltration Selective reabsorption Release of waste products

Question 9

Should a healthy person have have protein in their urine? Why?

Answer 9

No, proteins are too big to pass through into the filtrate as are blood cells

Question 10

Should a heathy person have glucose in their urine? Why?

Answer 10

No, all of it is reabsorbed by active transport

Question 11

What are the options for a person with kidney failure?

Answer 11

Dialysis Transplant

Question 12

What are the cons of Dialysis? (3 marks)

Answer 12

Have to have it 3 times a week for 4 hours Can lead to infections/ blood clots Have to watch diet Have to watch liquid intake Costly

Question 13

What are the problems with transplanted kidneys? (3 marks)

Answer 13

Shortage of donors May reject kidney Have to take immuno- suppressant drugs Major operation so can be risky

Question 14

Where is the thermoregulatory centre?

Answer 14

Hypothalamus in the brain

Question 15

Where does information on body temperature come from?

Answer 15

Receptors in the brain detect blood temperature Receptors in the skin send information about temperature

Question 16

If you are too hot, what happens to cool you down?

Answer 16

Sweat Vasodilation Hairs lie flat

Question 17

If you are cold what does your body do?

Answer 17

Hairs stand up No sweat is produced Vasoconstriction Shivering

Question 18

When is insulin produced?

Answer 18

When blood glucose is too high

Question 19

Where does insulin come from?

Answer 19

The pancreas

Question 20

What are the target organs for insulin?

Answer 20

Liver and muscles

Question 21

What is excess glucose turned into?

Answer 21

Glycogen

Question 22

What does a Type 1 diabetic do to control blood glucose? (3 marks)

Answer 22

Controls diet Injects insulin at mealtimes Takes regular exercise

Question 23

Which hormone is produced when glucose is low?

Answer 23

Glucagon (when the glucose has gone) :-)

Question 24

What is this?

Answer 24

Vasodilation - make sure you can explain it :)

Question 25

What is this?

Answer 25

Vasoconstriction - make sure you can explain it! :)

Question 26

What is this and what does it do?

Answer 26

It is a pancreas, it produces the hormones insulin and glucagon and the enzymes carbohydrase, protease and lipase! Wow!! It’s a busy organ!!