Homeostasis

Question 1

What is the definition of homeostasis?

Answer 1

An organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment for optimal function

Question 2

What in our body needs to be regulated by homeostasis

Answer 2

•blood glucose concentration
•internal temperatures
•water levels

Question 3

What defines the nervous system

Answer 3

A system that includes the CNS and PNS to respond the changes in the environment and execute movements accordingly

Question 4

What is the CNS

Answer 4

Central nervous system
Made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What is the PNS?

Answer 5

Peripheral nervous system
All the other nerves that run through your body

Question 6

What is a stimulus

Answer 6

A change in the environment

Question 7

What is a receptor

Answer 7

The part of the body that detects the change

Question 8

What is the effector

Answer 8

The muscles/glands that execute the action

Question 9

How does the nervous system work

Answer 9

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, (synapse), CNS, relay neurone, (synapse), motor neurone, effector

Question 10

What is the sensory neurone

Answer 10

The neurone that detects the change

Question 11

What is a relay neurone

Answer 11

Carries signals between sensory and motor neurones

Question 12

What is a motor neurone

Answer 12

Nerve that connects the CNS to the effector to carry out the movement

Question 13

What is a synapse

Answer 13

The gap between neurones

Question 14

How are signals passed through the nervous system

Answer 14

Carried by an electrical impulse through the nerves which converts to neurotransmitter chemicals only to cross a synapse

Question 15

How is a reflex executed

Answer 15

Signals passes through neurones, bypasses the brain and travels straight from the spinal cord to the effector so it is much quicker

Question 16

What do glands secrete?

Answer 16

Hormones and fluids e.g. saliva

Question 17

RQP- Reaction Time

Answer 17

1. Person A sits while person B stands with a ruler between the thumb and fingers of person A. “0” must be at the top of thumb
2. When ready randomly drop the ruler, measure where it was caught at the top of the thumb and convert it using a conversion table to get a reaction time
3. Repeat x10 with 30sec intervals, record results in a table, calculate a mean and switch.

Question 18

What is the endocrine system

Answer 18

System of glands that secrete hormones to send signals to effectors

Question 19

How are hormones transported

Answer 19

The blood stream

Question 20

which is faster: the endocrine system or the nervous system

Answer 20

Nervous system

Question 21

What and where is the pituitary gland

Answer 21

It sits just below the brain and secretes hormones in response to stimuli that travel to other glands to get them to secrete hormones

Question 22

What does the pancreas secrete and why

Answer 22

Insulin- to maintain blood glucose concentration

Question 23

What does the thyroid secrete and why

Answer 23

Thyroxine- controls metabolism, growth and more

Question 24

What do the adrenal glands secrete and why

Answer 24

Releases adrenaline for ‘fight or flight’ reaction

Question 25

What do the ovaries secrete

Answer 25

Releases eggs, secrete progesterone and oestrogen

Question 26

What do the testes secrete

Answer 26

Releases sperm, secretes testosterone

Question 27

What is the negative feedback loop

Answer 27

When an internal conditions changes, the body tries to undo this change

Question 29

What happens when blood glucose levels are too high

Answer 29

1. Pancreas secretes insulin 2.glucose moves from bloodstream into cells for respiration 3. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen as an energy store

Question 30

What is glucagon

Answer 30

Insoluble stores of glucose that can be broken down to release glucose when needed

Question 31

Where is glycogen stores

Answer 31

Liver and muscles

Question 32

What happens when blood glucose levels falls

Answer 32

1. Pancreas secretes glucagon 2. Converts glycogen into glucose to be used in respiration

Question 33

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 33

When the pancreas cannot produce insulin. Insulin injections needed Often occurs when young

Question 34

What is type 2 diabetes

Answer 34

When the body doesn’t respond to insulin Lifestyle changes are needed e.g. diets, weight loss Often happens in the elderly and obese

Question 35

Wh

Question 36

Menstrual cycle method

Answer 36

Females are born with all their eggs which mature at puberty 1. FSH causes egg to mature, ovaries produce oestrogen 2. Oestrogen thickens uterus lining, inhibits FSH so no eggs mature until the next cycle, pituitary gland to release LH 3. LH causes egg to be released into oviduct which can be fertilised by sperm *Progesterone maintains thick uterus lining*

Question 37

What is FSH

Answer 37

Follicle stimulating hormone Released by pituitary gland

Question 38

What is LH

Answer 38

Luteinising hormone Released by the pituitary gland to release an egg into the oviduct

Question 39

What is contraception

Answer 39

Methods to stop sperm fertilising eggs

Question 40

What do FSH pills do

Answer 40

Inhibits (stops) the production of FSH so eggs don’t mature Effective May be difficult to remember to take regularly

Question 41

Progesterone injections/patches

Answer 41

Stops eggs being released at all Injections may hurt Patches are convenient

Question 42

Condom/diaphragm

Answer 42

Stops sperm from entering at all

Question 43

IUD

Answer 43

A copper coil that stops eggs embedding itself in the uterus lining Effective A doctor must do this for you

Question 44

What is the way to use the menstrual cycle to avoid pregnancy

Answer 44

Only have sex on low fertility days Not effective

Question 45

How can women permanently stops pregnancy

Answer 45

Clamp/cut the oviducts Cannot be undone

Question 46

How can men stop sperm being released

Answer 46

Getting a vasectomy will cut the sperm tubes Reversible

Question 47

Fertility treatment definition

Answer 47

Ways to stimulate a pregnancy for couples who cannot

Question 49

What are FSH/LH injections?

Answer 49

Injections that can be taken to the woman has more of the hormone and increased fertility do a more likely chance of a pregnancy

Question 50

What is IVF

Answer 50

In-vitro fertilisation 1.Eggs are collected after inducing release with LH 2.fertilised in a lab with fathers sperm 3.embryo is inserted back into the uterus to hopefully grow successfully

Question 51

Pros of IVF

Answer 51

• couples have a higher chance of having children, family and a better quality of life

Question 52

Cons of IVF

Answer 52

•Difficult •expensive •low success rate •can potentially cause multiple embryos to develop which may not be desirable

Question 53

What happens if your metabolic rate is too low

Answer 53

Hypothalamus resales TRH which causes the pituitary gland to release TSH so the thyroid releases for thyroxine for a higher metabolic rate