Homeostasis

Question 1

What are the factors for which organisms have tolerance limits

Answer 1

Body temperature - the condition of temperature in the body must be maintained as in cells and organisms there are enzymes which require a specific optimum temperature to function at to catalyse biochemical reactions in the body
Water availability
blood glucose level
carbon dioxide concentration in the blood and tissue
water and solute balance

Question 2

What is the impact on a mammal if body temperature increases above the tolerance limit

Answer 2

increase in temperature results in enzymes denature, leading to the biochemical reactions to not occur efficiently or not at all

Question 3

What is the impact on a mammal if water availability is lower than tolerance limit

Question 4

What is the impact on a mammal if body temperature decreases outside of tolerance limit

Answer 4

a decrease in temperature means less interaction between substrate and enzyme,

Question 5

what is the impact on mammals if blood glucose levels decrease outside of tolerance limit

Question 6

What is the impact on mammals if blood glucose levels increase above tolerance limit

Question 7

What is the impact on mammals if carbon dioxide concentration in the blood and tissue increases above tolerance limits

Question 8

Define what homeostasis is

Answer 8

The maintenance of the same levels in chemical and non chemical in organisms (cells)

Question 9

What is the impact on organisms if pH increases above pH tolerance limit

Question 10

What is the impact on organisms if pH decreases outside of tolerance limit

Question 11

why are tolerance limits important

Question 12

What is the role of sensory receptors

Answer 12

they recognise that something has changed and passes the message along to the control centre

Question 13

What is the role of effectors

Answer 13

they make a change that restores the status quo

Question 14

explain what the stimulus-response model (homeostasis flow diagram) is and how it works

Answer 14

The stimulus-response model is a model that shows that a change in the external or internal environmental conditions is detected and appropriate response occurs. The model shows that a stimulus is detected by a receptor, the receptor conveys the message through the control centre, the control centre then triggers a response by activating an effector, the effector removes the stimulus or initiates an action that negate the stimulus. This restores the status quo, allowing balance (homeostasis to be restored)

Question 15

explain what the negative feedback loop is

Answer 15

Negative feedback is a response that results in the inhibition of a stimulus

Question 16

Define a stimulus

Answer 16

A change in the environment

Question 17

State the general name for the group of specialised cells that detect stimuli.

Answer 17

receptors

Question 18

State the general name for what responds to the message from receptors

Answer 18

control centre

Question 19

State the general name for the group that makes a change to restore the status quo

Answer 19

effectors

Question 20

describe the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the conditions for organisms within their tolerance limits

Answer 20

Homeostasis is important in maintaining the conditions of organisms as if the conditions fall outside of the tolerance limit (optimum zone) then it negatively impacts its function,

Question 21

What is the role of the control centre

Answer 21

it receives the message from receptors and signals for a response

Question 22

Describe the structure of a nerve pathway from receptor

Question 23

describe the role and pathway of reflex responses

Question 24

describe the role of synapses

Question 25

describe the role of neurotransmitters

Question 26

What is the function of neurotransmitters

Question 27

What is the purpose of the reflex response in animals

Question 28

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the junction between neurons

Question 29

what is the junction called between two neurons

Question 30

Define a hormone

Question 31

why do hormones only have an effect on specific target cells but not others

Question 32

what is the difference in action between steroid hormones and protein hormones