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Biology Paper 2 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes.

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2
Q

How is Homeostasis used in the body?

A

Used to keep the blood glucose concentration, the body tempeatur and water levels constant.

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3
Q

What are the features of an automatic control system?

A
  • Receptor celss
  • Coordination centre
  • Effector
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4
Q

What is a change in the environment called?

A

A stimulus

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5
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A
  • CNS (central nervous system)
  • Other nerves
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6
Q

Whats a neuron?

A

Another way of saying nerve cells

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7
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Coodination centre

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8
Q

What are effectors?

A

Muscles that contract or a gland that releases hormones.

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9
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism where hormones are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs.

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10
Q

Key glands of endocrine system?

A
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pancreas
  • Thyroid gland
  • Adrenal gland
  • Ovaries/testes
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11
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

It is the master gland of the brain. It released many hormones into the blood but also triggers other glands to release hormones.

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12
Q

What process controls the blood glucose level?

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

What hormone does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin

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14
Q

What does insulin do

A

It triggers body cells to take up glucose from the blood and also triggers liver and muscle cells to store excess glucose.

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15
Q

What is glucose formed as?

A

Glycogen

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16
Q

What is it called if your blood glucose control does not work effectively?

A

Diabetes

17
Q

What happens in type 1 diabetes?

A

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

18
Q

What is the process of menstruation?

A

The ovaries release the female hormones estrogen and progesterone . These hormones cause the lining of the uterus (or womb) to build up. The built-up lining is ready for a fertilized egg to attach to and start developing. If there is no fertilized egg, the lining breaks down and bleeds.

19
Q

What is ovulation

A
20
Q

How regular is ovulation?

A

28 days

21
Q

What hormones are involved in menstruation?

A
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinising hormone (HD)
  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
22
Q

What does FSH cause?

A

Causes an egg to mature in the ovary

23
Q

What does LH cause?

A

Causes the egg to be released (ovulation)

24
Q

What does Oestrogen and Progesterone cause?

A

They are involved in maintaining the uterus lining, incase the egg is fertilised and implants.

25
Q

Where is FSH produced?

A

The pituitary gland

26
Q

Where is LH produced?

A

The pituitary gland

27
Q

Where is Oestrogen produced?

A

The ovaries

28
Q

Where is Progesterone produced?

A

The ovaries

29
Q

What is the ‘fertility drug’ and how does it treat infertility?

A

FSH and LH are given to a woman. This causes the woman to ovulate more than usual and this increases the chances of becoming pregnant.

30
Q

What is IVF?

A

In vitro fertiliation.
In this case fertilisation takes place outside the body.
During IVF the mother is first treated with FSH and LH. This causes several eggs to mature. These eggs are then collected and fertilised with sperm in a lab.

31
Q

Where is thyroxine produced?

A

Thyroid gland

32
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline

A

The heartrate is increased so more oxygen and glucose are delivered to the brain and body. It prepares the body for fight or flight.

33
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found?

A

In the neck

34
Q

What does thyroxine do?

A

It stimulates the bodys basal metabolic rate. It makes the bodys chemical reactions take place at a faster rate.

35
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Biology Paper 2 (1 decks)

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