Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Paper 2 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism in response to internal and external changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does homeostasis control?

A
  • blood glucose concentration
  • body temperature
  • water and ion levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do all control systems involve?

A
  • receptors which detect stimuli
  • coordination centres which receive and process information
  • effectors which bring responses that restore optimum level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

It is made up of glands that secrete hormone’s directly into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers that are carried in the blood to a target organ where they produce an effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pituitary gland known as?

A
  • master gland
  • secretes several hormones in response to body conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main glands that produce hormones

A
  • pituitary
  • adrenal
  • thyroid
  • pancreas
  • ovaries/ testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is adrenaline

A
  • produces by adrenal gland in times of stress
  • increases heart rate
  • prepares body for flight or fight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is thyroxine

A
  • produced by thyroid gland
  • increases metabolic rate
  • controls growth and development in young animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bgc controlled by?

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens if bgc is too high?

A
  • pancreas releases insulin
  • cause glucose to move from the blood into the cells
  • excess glucose is converted into glycogen for storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What id bgc controlled by?

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What to do if bgc is too low?

A
  • pancreas releases glucagon
  • glucagon stimulates glycogen to be converted into glucose and release into the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A
  • Caused by the pancreas failing to produce insulin
  • uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
  • normally treated with insulin injections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type 2 diabetes?

A
  • caused by the body cells no longer responding to insulin
  • has obesity as a risk factor
  • treated with carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Main female and male sex hormone?

A

Oestrogen
Testosterone

17
Q

What r the 4 main hormones in control of the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH - pituitary gland - causes egg to mature, stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
Oestrogen- Ovaries- inhibits FSH release
and LH release, makes lining of uterus
LH - pituitary gland - stimulates the release of egg from ovary
Progesterone - empty follicle in ovaries - maintains lining of uterus and inhibits both FSH and LH release

18
Q

Hormonal contraception?

A
  • oral - contains oestrogen and progesterone, which inhibit FSH production so no eggs are released
  • injection, implant or skin patch of slow release progesterone to stop release of eggs for a number of months or years
19
Q

Non hormonal contraceptives?

A

Barrier methods - condoms/ diaphragm
Spermicidal cream - kill or disable sperm
- surgical methods
Intrauterine devices

20
Q

What does IVF involve?

A
  • giving woman FSH and LH to stimulate growth of many eggs
  • collecting the eggs from the woman
  • fertilising the egg with sperm from the father in the lab
  • inserting one or two embryos into the woman’s uterus
21
Q

Side effects of fertility treatment

A
  • emotionally and physically stressful
  • success rates are not high
  • lead to multiple births, risk to both baby and mother
22
Q

What does asexual reproduction involve?

A
  • only one parent
  • no fusion of gametes
  • mitosis
  • production of genetically identical offspring

Ex. Strawberries- send out shooters called runners
Daffodils - produce smaller bulbs
Fungi reproduce spores
Malarial protists

23
Q

Why has the whole human genome been studied?

A
  • doctors can search for genes linked to different types of disorder
  • can help scientists to understand cause of inherited disorders
  • can see have humans have changed
24
Q

Alleles?

A

If two alleles are present at the same time - homozygous
If the alleles are different- heterozygous

25
Q

What causes polydactyly

A
  • a dominant allele(extra fingers and toes)
26
Q

What causes cystic fibrosis?

A
  • recessive allele(disorder of cell membranes)
27
Q

Variation may be due to differences in?

A
  • genes and inheritance individuals have inherited
  • conditions which individuals have developed
  • combination of both genetic and environmental
28
Q

What is evolution?

A

Gradual change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time
By charles darwin

29
Q

Natural selection occurs due to

A
  • more individuals are born than can survive
  • may show variation in their phenotypes
  • characteristics best suited for the environment
30
Q

How are fossils formed?

A
  • From the hard parts of animals that do not decay
  • parts of organisms that have not decayed
  • parts of the organisms are replaced by other materials
  • preserved traces
31
Q

Why have humans been using selective breeding?

A

Produce food crops from wild plants
Domesticated animals from wild animals

32
Q

Steps of selective breeding

A

Choose parents that best show desired characteristics
Breed them together
From offspring choose those with desired characteristic and breed
Continue over generations

33
Q

What happens in genetic engineering?

A

Enzymes are used to isolate the required gene
This gene is inserted into a vector
Vector is used to insert the gene into the required calls

34
Q

What linnaeus do?

A

Classify things into
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

35
Q

What is the three domain system

A

By carl woese
In this system organisms are divided into
- archea
- extreme
- bacteria
- eukaryota

36
Q

What is extinction caused by

A

Changes to environment
New predators
New diseases
More predators
A single catastrophic event

Biology Paper 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions