Homeostasis

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

the physiological state of the body in which internal physical and chemical conditions are kept within a range that is suitable for life processes

Question 2

internal environment

Answer 2

the extracellular fluid, which consists of the fluid that surrounds the cells and tissues in the body and the plasma portion of the blood

Question 3

interstitial fluid

Answer 3

the fluid that surrounds the body cells

Question 4

homeostatic mechanism

Answer 4

a system that monitors internal and external conditions and changes bodily functions to maintain homeostasis

Question 5

negative feedback

Answer 5

the response of a system that acts to maintain equilibrium by compensating for any changes made to the system

Question 6

sensor

Answer 6

the element of a feedback system that detects changes in the environment

Question 7

integrator

Answer 7

the element of a feedback system that compares existing conditions with ideal conditions

Question 8

set point

Answer 8

the optimal value for a given variable of a system

Question 9

effector

Answer 9

the element (or elements) of a feedback system that acts to return the system to its optimal state

Question 10

positive feedback

Answer 10

the response of a system that acts to increase the effect of any changes made to the system

Question 11

osmotic pressure

Answer 11

the pressure that results from a difference in solute concentration between the two sides of a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

hyperosmotic

Answer 12

the property of the solution on one side of a selectively permeable membrane that has the lower concentration of water

Question 13

hypoosmotic

Answer 13

the property of the solution on one side of a selectively permeable membrane that has the higher concentration of water

Question 14

isoosmotic

Answer 14

the property of two solutions that have equal water concentrations

Question 15

osmoregulation

Answer 15

the process of actively regulating the osmotic pressure of bodily fluids and cells

Question 16

nephron

Answer 16

the tiny functional unit of the kidney that filters wastes from the blood

Question 17

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

a small folded structure in the human kidney that encircles the glomerulus

Question 18

glomerulus

Answer 18

a network of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule that performs the first step in the filtration of blood

Question 19

afferent arteriole

Answer 19

a vessel that supplies blood to the nephrons in the human kidney

Question 20

efferent arteriole

Answer 20

a vessel that carries away filtered blood from the nephrons in the human kidney

Question 21

peritubular capillaries

Answer 21

a net of capillaries in the nephrons that reabsorb essential ions and minerals from filtered blood

Question 22

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 22

the duct portion of a nephron that connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle

Question 23

loop of Henle

Answer 23

the U shaped part of the duct that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule

Question 24

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 24

the duct portion of a nephron that connects the loop of Henle to the ducts that lead to the renal pelvis

Question 25

filtration

Answer 25

the process in which blood and fluid pass through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 26

reabsorption

Answer 26

the transfer of water, ions, and nutrients back to the interstitial fluid via passive and active transport

Question 27

aquaporin

Answer 27

a membrane protein that passively transports water molecules

Question 28

secretion

Answer 28

the removal of waste materials from the blood and intercellular fluid