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A Level History > Home Rule Crisis > Flashcards

Home Rule Crisis Flashcards

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1
Q

1801

A

Act of Union : Ireland united with Great Britain to form the UK

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2
Q

Where was the parliament after 1801?

A

Westminster

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3
Q

1874

A

Home Rule party formed

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4
Q

What did Home Rule Party want?

A

Demanded Home Rule for Ireland. Suggested Ireland have its own parliament to deal with Irish Affairs but would remain in the UK.

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5
Q

1886

A

First Home Rule Bill

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6
Q

Who introduces first home rule bill?

A

William Gladstone, Liberal Prime Minister. Fails to get through the House of Commons

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7
Q

1893

A

Gladstone tries again. Passed in the Commons but not the House of Lords.

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8
Q

What happens the house of lords after the second home rule bill?

A

Un-elected. Many of which were rich landowners, many with estates in Ireland.

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9
Q

1900

A

IPP reunite

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10
Q

Who united the IPP?

A

John Redmond

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11
Q

1905

A

Ulster Unionist council formed

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12
Q

Who were the Ulster Unionist Council?

A

Deeply opposed HR. Helped awaken the Protestant movement in more protestant and wealthier province of Ulster. Began linking and co-coordinating churches,
orange order, unionist clubs and political groups to protect the union against home rule.

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13
Q

1906

A

Huge Liberal landslide victory in the UK General Election.

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14
Q

Why did the Liberals have a dominant victory?

A

The conservatives were divided over Tariff reform.

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15
Q

What did this victory mean for the Liberals?

A

The size of the victory meant they could govern without relying on the IPP (priority for Liberals was social reform not Home Rule.)

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16
Q

1908

A

Liberals plan major social reforms.
Prime Minister ASQUITH and his Chancellor LLOYD GEORGE plan to implement a radical social reform programme that would be the start of the Welfare State.

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17
Q

1909

A

Peoples budget : in order to pay for social programmes Lloyd George announces his peoples budget that would target the rich (1. land tax 2. inheritance tax)

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18
Q

How did Conservatives react to the Peoples Budget?

A

Deeply angry at Peoples Budget. They set about trying to wreck it using its veto in the House of Lords
The Lords were not supposed to veto money bills - therefore, their actions created a constitutional crisis over who ruled Britain.

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19
Q

What did the use of veto mean?

A

The use of the Lords veto made constitutional change inevitable. This would have massive implications for HR

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20
Q

1910

A

January 1910 General Election
Liberal majority vanished. They had 275 seats to 273 Conservative seats.
Even with Labour votes they still needed IPP votes.

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21
Q

What did this mean for Redmond and the IPP?

A

This was his chance!
He made his support dependent on: 1. An end to Lords veto.
2. Home Rule for Ireland

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22
Q

What happened to Irish Unionists in the 1910 election?

A

Lost Irish Unionist leader Walter Long.

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23
Q

Who replaced Walter Long?

A

Edward Carson
Southern Protestant who had entered politics to ‘save the union’
Wanted to defeat the idea of HR completely.

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24
Q

1910 December

A

Another election
Asquith determind to push Peoples Budget.
Persuaded King George to flood the House of Lords with Liberal Peers in order to pass legislation.
King wanted second election however results almost exactly the same.

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25
Q

1911

A

Parliament Act.
Asquith manages to pass Parliament Act.
Abolished house of lords veto, their powers reduced to delaying legislation for 2 years.

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26
Q

What did the Parliament Act mean for HR?

A

Not only would this allow Liberals to pass the Peoples budget, it would also pave the way for HR.

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27
Q

Unionist response to Parliament Act

A

Aware of threat of HR
Unionist MP, James Craig, begins anti Home Rule campaign.
-Carson invited to his home in Craigavon.
-50,000 Unionists are gathered there.
-Carson responds with a fiery speech.
Carson is a Southern not Ulster unionist and believes that ‘if Ulster succeeds, HR is deal.’

28
Q

When did Bonar Law replace Balfour as Conservative leader?

A

November 1911
Bonar Law had family connections in Ulster and would make opposition to Home Rule one of his primary policies -one he would go to controversial lengths over

29
Q

Jan 1912

A

Andrew Bonar Law ‘corrupt bargain’ speech at Albert Hall.
Used his famous fiery rhetoric to accuse the Liberals of forming a ‘corrupt bargain’ with the nationalist IPP to stay in power.
Desperate attempt to remain in power.

30
Q

April 1912

A

Balmoral demonstration
Impressive Unionist show of strength arranged in Balmoral, Belfast.
Up to 100,000 attended including Carson, Bonar Law and a host of other unionist politicians.
Shark rhetoric again made things clear. ‘Never, under any circumstances will we submit to Home Rule!’

31
Q

May 1912

A

Third Home Rule Bill passed with a majority of 100. Passed in the Commons, defeated in the Lords 326 to 69.

32
Q

What assurance did the Conservatives and Liberals have about the 3rd Home Rule Bill?

A

They knew that they had 2 years of delay to try and disrupt and obstruct the Home Rule plans as much as possible.

33
Q

June 1912

A

Agar Roberts Amendment

34
Q

What was the Agar Roberts Amendment?

A

Cornish MP suggests an amendment to the bill which completely and permanently excludes 4 of the most Protestant counties of Ulster - Antrim, Down, Londonderry and Armagh.

35
Q

Was the amendment accepted?

A

The proposal was rejected by Southern Unionists, who feared being abandoned by Ulster Protestants.
It was also rejected by Asquith. ‘Ireland is a nation not two nations but one nation.’

36
Q

July 1912

A

Blenheim Palace Speech

37
Q

Why was the Blenheim Palace Speech significant?

A

Bonar Law stroked up Tension with a controversial and fiery speech in which he suggests that Ulster Protestants would be completely justified in using extra parliamentary tactics ‘by all means necessary’ to defeat Home Rule.

38
Q

September 28th 1912

A

Ulster Day
Solemn League and Covenant

39
Q

Why was the Covenant significant?

A

Over 400,000 signed the Covenant opposing Home Rule and declaring they would use all means necessary to defeat it.
They would also refuse to accept any authority new Home Rule Parliament.

40
Q

Why was Ulster day significant?

A

Ulster Day was a huge propaganda success with newspaper coverage. It demonstrated the level of opposition in Ulster and created some level of sympathy in Great Britain.

41
Q

January 1913

A

Carson’s Wrecking Amendment

42
Q

Why was the wrecking amendment significant?

A

It excluded the Province of Ulster from Home Rule.
He reassured Southern Unionists that this was tactical and not aimed at partition.

43
Q

Was the wrecking amendment accepted?

A

It was rejected by Asquith and the Commons.

44
Q

December 1912

A

UVF formed.
This was structured on British military lines with a full time staff.
Over 100,000 (bigger than British army in Ireland

45
Q

Summer 1913

A

Bonar Law suggested to the King that an election was the only way out of the Constitutional crisis.

46
Q

What does Asquith’s Irish Chief Secretary Birrell warn of?

A

A ‘situation of large proportions’ potentially in Ulster which may require a massive military operation.

47
Q

September 1913

A

After Carson admits to Boner Law the attraction of a ‘clean cut’ of 6 Ulster counties.
The Ulster Unionist Council approve the establishment of a ‘Provisional Government in Ulster’ if Home Rule became law.

48
Q

October/November 1913

A

Secret Talks between Asquith and Law.
King George encouraged this dialogue between the two leaders.

49
Q

What happened in these talks?

A

Asquith was determined not to give concessions too early and was therefore very cautious.
He did realise from the talks that Boner Law may compromise on Home Rule - over exclusion of Ulster although the details of this were not clear.

50
Q

What did Lloyd George propose?

A

He proposed to the cabinet that the Protestant counties of Ulster be left out of Home Rule for 5-6 years with automatic inclusion following this period of adjustment.

51
Q

How did Redmond react to Lloyd Georges proposal?

A

He rejected this exclusion. He suggested ‘Home Rule within Home Rule’ as a compromise - A large degree of self-government for Ulster - but not an Irish Parliament.

52
Q

1914

A

Law threatens to amend the Army Act.

53
Q

Who threatened to amend the army act and what for?

A

Bonar Law threatened to amend the army act to prevent the army being used in Ulster - this would force a General Election.
Many would see these actions as reckless in the face of European tensions.

54
Q

How did Asquith use the threat?

A

Asquith used this threat - which could lead to a Conservative government - to get concessions from Redmond. Redmond reluctantly agreed to a 3 year exclusion for Ulster counties if they wished it. (this was extended to 6 years)
Redmond accepted this as ‘the price of peace.’

55
Q

How does Carson react to the 6 year exclusion?

A

Despite concessions he rejects them claiming ‘We do not want a sentence to death with a stay of execution for 6 years.’

56
Q

March 1914

A

Curragh Mutiny

57
Q

What happened in the Curragh Mutiny?

A

British gov began preparations to confront the Unionists and this would include military options. When informed of this possibility of attacking Unionists in Ulster several senior officers refused and raised a great deal of alarm in London.

58
Q

April 1914

A

Larne Gun Running

59
Q

What happened in the Larne gun running?

A

Unionist managed to smuggle in 25,000 rifles and 5 million rounds of ammunition from Germany into Larne in a very well organised and planned operation with accusations of official collusion.

60
Q

July 1914

A

Howth Gun Running

61
Q

What occurred during the Howth Gun Running?

A

German arms and ammunition were shipped into Howth, just north of Dublin in an attempt to supply the Irish Volunteers and redress the balance.
However, these weapons were intercepted and led to confrontation at Batchelors Walk in Dublin with British soldiers in which 3 people were killed.
The contrast with Larne was very apparent to many nationalists.

62
Q

July 1914

A

Buckingham Palace Conference

63
Q

What was the aim of the Buckingham Palace Conference?

A

A last attempt was made to negotiate with all sides invited to Buckingham Palace.

64
Q

What was the outcome of the Buckingham Palace Conference?

A

The deadlock was not broken and the talks broke up without agreement.
Civil war looked likely.

65
Q

August 1914

A

Outbreak of WW1

66
Q

Why was WW1 significant in the HR Crisis?

A

Civil war was prevented by WW1 (a war that would change everything and transform the Home Rule debate into something much more.)

67
Q

September 1914

A

Home Rule becomes law.
Carson and the Unionists agree to it on the understanding that it would not operate until the end of the war - and the Ulster Question would be settled then.

A Level History (1 decks)

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