Home Health Care / Testing Devices Flashcards
What hormone does a Pregnancy test pick up?
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
What is hCG’s role in the female body?
To enhance Placental development
Current Pregnancy tests allow for the prediction of a positive test how many days prior to expected periods?
4-6d prior
T or F: Morning urine samples are required for pregnancy tests to be most accurate.
False… Any time of day fine (sensitivity of tests improved greatly over time).
How many seconds of urine contact time does a Clearblue Pregnancy Test require?
10secs
What are some common reasons for False Positive or False Negative pregnancy test readings?
-Too long to read the test
-Read test too soon
-Did test too soon
-Insufficient urine contact on the strip
-Profasi (hCG drug used in conception therapy that caused lots of false positives, as drug itself was being picked up in urine samples)
What hormone does an Ovulation test pick up?
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Aside from looking at LH levels, what other methods can be used to predict Ovulation cycles?
Basal Temperature Readings
Oral temperature readings used to predict Ovulation are the coolest at what stage of the Ovulation Cycle? Are hottest at what stage?
Coolest: 3d prior to Period & 4d after Period (14d span over period length).
Hottest: Peaks 1d after Ovulation occurs… Stays elevated for the 1wk after Ovulation.
To get the most accurate reading of Ovulation Cycles, over how many different cycles should one take Basal Temp Readings?
3 cycles
When during an Ovulatory Cycle should one begin tests (as in after how many days from Period Onset)?
On 11th day of next cycle (Day 1 = Period Onset, so 10d after first hits).
For abnormal periods that last beyond 28d, how would one estimate their ovulation day on the subsequent cycle?
Subtract 14 from the day of period onset & start 3d prior to that day on next cycle.
Ex: Period Length = 36d
36 - 14 = 22, so start testing on 19th day (3d prior to predicted ovulatory day) of next cycle!
Christine has a period length of 32 days. Predict when in her next cycle that she’d be expected to ovulate.
32 - 14 = Day 18 of next cycle
Given that Christine is expected to ovulate on Day 18 of her next cycle, when should she initiate ovulation tests?
Day 15 of next cycle
T or F: Large Adult Cuff sizes come with standard blood pressure monitors.
False… Must be ordered separately.
T or F: It is concerning if a patient has a different BP reading in their non-dominant arm.
False… Totally normal (BP normally higher in dominant arm). However, variance > 10mm Hg is referral territory.
As GI Bleeds span the length of the GI Tract (ie. Going from Upper to Lower GI Tract), how does the appearance of blood in fecal matter change?
Upper Bleeds (ie. Stomach & Duodenum) = Dark Black & Tarry
Intermediate Bleeds (ie. Jejunum & Ileum) = Maroon Color
Lower Bleeds (ie. Colon & Rectum) = Bright Red
Signs & Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
-Loud snoring
-Episodes where one stops breathing in sleep
-Gasping for air
-Dry mouth upon waking
-Morning headache
-Insomnia
-Hypersomnia (daytime sleepiness)
-Attention deficits
How does CPAP work to control Sleep Apnea?
Provides pressurized air (through a mask) that prevents total airway collapse.
Are nasal breathing strips, snoring mouthguards or snore relief sprays useful for Sleep Apnea?
All bs… Surgical Excision & CPAP much better options.
Graduated Compression support hosiery has higher compression at the ____, whereas lowest compression is at the ____.
ankle (bottom) ; top of the sleeve
Graduated Compression hosiery supports blood flow back to the heart with those who have what types of veins?
Varicose
What other use (aside from Varicose Veins) does Graduated Compression hosiery have?
DVT Prevention
T or F: Compressive Hosiery can easily be taken off manually & has a low risk of ripping due to its interwoven fiber composition.
False… Use the provided tools to take off & put on (as they are easily tearable and are pricey to replace).
Beyond what BP reduction does Compression Hosiery require Dr. involvement?
> 20mm Hg
Edema control (via Compression Hosiery) takes place at a BP reduction range of what?
30-40mm Hg
T or F: Topical Witch Hazel / Haemalis Water applications are effective for treating Varicose Veins.
False… Bullshit products.
Who might benefit from Flight Socks?
Patients with >/= 1 CV Risk Factor & on Flight > 6hrs in length.
When adjusting one’s Cane height, where should the handle align?
With the wrist
It’s estimated that what % of middle-aged women experience urinary leakage? Older women?
MA: 30 - 40%
O: 50%
What are the most common Female Urinary Incontinence types?
-Stress
-Urge
-Mixed
What sorts of things lead to Stress Incontinence?
-Bladder Weakness
-Sudden Increases in Abdominal Pressure (coughing / laughing / sneezing / lifting)
What two factors influence Stress Incontinence in women?
-Menopause
-Pregnancy
How can we prevent Stress Incontinence in Females?
-Pelvic Floor Exercises
-Biofeedback
-Intravaginal Devices
-Surgery
Surgical interventions to treat Stress Incontinence involves what?
Ligamental transplantation from other body areas (pinches off Urethra & prevents leakage)
How do Poise Bladder Supports work? Who are they suitable for? Not suitable for?
-Insert into Vagina & support the nearby Urethra.
-Good for those with Stress Incontinence ; Poor for those with Urge Incontinence.
Poise Bladder Supports can be worn for up to how many hours per day?
12hrs
What factor in Males can lead to Stress Incontinence?
Post Prostate Surgery
What primary physiological mechanism causes Urge Incontinence?
Premature Detrusor Muscle contraction
What factors into Urge Incontinence?
-UTIs
-Stroke
-Parkinson’s
-Diabetes
-Often no cause found at all
What approach can be used to treat Urge Incontinence?
-Bladder Training
-Kegel (Pelvic Floor) Exercises
-Anti-Spasmodics
Describe Overflow Incontinence (Urinary Retention).
-Bladder always full
-Leakage seen (without urge to urinate)
-Men much more affected than women
-Can be due to Diabetic Neuropathy &/or Prostate Enlargement
What are the treatment approaches for Overflow Incontinence?
Finasteride (reduce 5-Alpha Reductase enzyme)
Tamsulosin (Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist)
Surgery on Prostate
SM Stimulant
T or F: Anti-Cholinergic drugs are good for treating Overflow Incontinence.
FALSE (!!!)
-Worsens Urinary Retention by reducing Bladder contractions.
-However, it HELPS Overactive Bladder (ie. Urge Incontinence).
T or F: Oxybutynin (Ditropan = Brand Name) is used for Overflow Incontinence.
FALSE (!!!)
-Is C/I for Urinary Retention. However, is USED to treat Urge Incontinence (ie. Overactive Bladder).
T or F: Ileostomy patients are at a much higher risk for dehydration & thus require very tight fluid monitoring.
True! Ileostomy = Entire Colon removed (Colostomy is just part of Colon removed), so the organ largely responsible for water reabsorption is gone.
Is the historically used “RICE” pneumonic the most effective way to recover from an injury?
-No… Push is now to gently move affected areas of sprains or strains (as movement improves blood flow to tissues & removes metabolic wastes).
-Also some pushback on using Ice (as resulting vasoconstriction from cooling reduces oxygenation to affected area & inhibits inflammatory responses needed to initiate healing).
