Home Front Test (ww1)

Question 1

what is meant by limiting freedom of choice?

Answer 1

aim- increase national efficiency

watered down beer, banned buying rounds, limited pub opening times, banned binocular

Question 2

what is meant by limits on freedom of speech?

Answer 2

aim- to keep military secrets and keep morale high

banned invisible ink, censored letters especially from trenches, forbid talk about military or naval matters

Question 3

what is meant by limiting property rights?

Answer 3

aim- control economy

government had the right to take over any property; Rose St. Inverness requisitioned for making mines

Question 4

what is meant by limiting freedom of movement?

Answer 4

aim- to prevent espionage

all ports taken over by gov and entry was restricted, northern scotland became restricted zone

Question 5

What was conscription?

Answer 5

• if you’re able to you have to fight
• introduced in 1916
• men 18-41
• could rely on volunteers however after 1915 new recruits hard to find

Question 6

Give examples of conscientious objectors?

Answer 6

-Irish Republicans wanted to be free from Britain and therefore refused to fight for them.
- Quakers believed “that of god in everyone” so therefore refused to take lives

Question 7

How many conscientious objectors stood before tribunals?

Answer 7

14,000

Question 8

What happened to conscientious objectors after war?

Answer 8

social stigma, difficulty in finding jobs and restricted from voting

Question 9

what was non combatants?

Answer 9

7000 were accepted as non combatants and were medics and stretcher bearers, many died

Question 10

4 reasons for rationing?

Answer 10

• food going out
• less food coming in
• less food made
• political considerations

Question 11

why was there more food going out?

Answer 11

military prioritised food to keep morale high on the battlefield - meant less food back home

Question 12

why was there less food coming in?

Answer 12

2/3’s of Britain’s food was imported from the british empire and USA, german U-boats were bombing ships carrying food into britain

Question 13

why was there less food MADE in Britain?

Answer 13

north sea closed meant less fishing, skilled farmers conscripted into war, failure of scottish potato crop

Question 14

why was there political considerations? (rationing)

Answer 14

fear of drop in morale of lack of food, fear of revolution due to high food prices

Question 15

6 suffragist campaigning methods?

Answer 15

-newspapers
-petitions
-marches
-speeches
-meeting politicians
-working with political parties

Question 16

6 suffragette campaigning methods?

Answer 16

-smashing windows
-throwing stones
-newspapers
-arson
-assaulting politicians
-hunger strike

Question 17

Pre war housing conditions (Glasgow)?

Answer 17

• poor quality
  -overcrowding
  -outdoor toilets
  -disease

Question 18

Why did glasgow boom? (rent strike)

Answer 18

because there were thousands of new jobs in glasgow from war production

Question 19

who led the glasgow women’s housing association?

Answer 19

mary barbour

Question 20

why did landlords raise rent prices?

Answer 20

• more people coming in
  -men were away and thought women were powerless

Question 21

6 types of war work?

Answer 21

-coal mining
-engineering
-jute
-shipbuilding
-munitions
-steel industry

Question 22

explain coal mining?

Answer 22

-government nationalised coal mines
-coal needed for fuel (heating/ships)
-boomed in fife

Question 23

explain shipbuilding?

Answer 23

-already in high demand pre war
-needed for transporting supplies as many were bombed by uboats
-boom on clydesdale

Question 24

explain engineering?

Answer 24

-needed for construction of tanks and aircraft
-reserved occupation
-shipyard diversified to make tanks
-glasgow boomed

Question 25

explain munitions? (war work)

Answer 25

-cordite needed for shells and ammunition
- 30,000 people working at gretna

Question 26

explain jute?

Answer 26

-textile used for sandbags
-dundee boomed

Question 27

explain steel industry’s?

Answer 27

-needed for armour plating on tanks/ships/artillery
-boom in glasgow
-Glasgow produced 85% of britain’s armour plating

Question 28

6 tactics of ministry of munitions?

Answer 28

-reserved occupations
-factory building
-diversification
-infrastructure
-nationalisation
-dilution

Question 29

what’s meant by reserved occupations?

Answer 29

skilled workers (eg. engineers) couldn’t transfer jobs or join military

Question 30

what’s meant by factory building?

Answer 30

• 50 munition factories built
  -30,000 workers at gretna

Question 31

what’s meant by diversification?

Answer 31

• factories changed the range of what they produced eg. shipyards to make tanks

Question 32

what’s meant by infrastructure?

Answer 32

government built new railways to help connect the economy

Question 33

what’s meant by nationalisation?

Answer 33

gov took over steel works, coals mines and rail network to help organisation and coordination

Question 34

what’s meant by dilution?

Answer 34

breaking down complex jobs into smaller simpler ones so the unskilled workers could take them up

Question 35

4 types of women’s war work?

Answer 35

-auxiliaries
-manufacturing
-farming
-nursing

Question 36

explain auxiliaries?

Answer 36

-WAAC set up in 1917
- took up many non combat roles
-drivers
-postal workers

Question 37

explain manufacturing (women’s war work)?

Answer 37

-munitionettes
-worked with TNT and explosives
-worked in heavy industries eg. shipbuilding

Question 38

explain nursing?

Answer 38

-VAD
-90,000 members
-many nurses

Question 39

explain farming (women’s war work)?

Answer 39

-women’s land army 1917
-filled in for farmers who were at war