holy roman empire witch-hunts

Question 1

what years were the thirty years war

Answer 1

1616-48

Question 2

when was the trier witch hunts

Answer 2

1581-93

Question 3

when were the bamberg and wurzeburg witch hunts

Answer 3

1626-31

Question 4

when was the cologne witch hunts

Answer 4

1626-34

Question 5

why was the holy roman empire different to other european countries

Answer 5

they were made up of over 2000 independent territories this included:
> 7 prince-electorates
> 32 ecclesiastical principalities

Question 6

what could local courts do in the empire which were different to other european countries

Answer 6

local courts could ignore imperial supervision

Question 7

what code did the empire establish for tribunals as a legal code

Answer 7

the carolina

Question 8

why was the carolina powers limited within the empire’s territories

Answer 8

> no judges to ensure that the code was being upheld
no procedures for appeal to the imperial court at the speyer

Question 9

who were local courts required to consult with in hunts and trials involving witches

Answer 9

courts had to consult neighbouring universities- this was intended to help judges with procedures

Question 10

why did this university consultation cause more hunts within the HRE

Answer 10

the learned elite in universities believed the demonological studies and diabolical theories which incited jurists to more zealous trials

Question 11

what year was there cold weathers within Franconia

Answer 11

1626

Question 12

what did the cold weather in Franconia cause

Answer 12

> rivers to freeze
grapevines, barley and rye to be destroyed

Question 13

what year did Franconia believe that witches made frost to destroy crops

Answer 13

1630s

Question 14

what areas experienced more hunts in germany

Answer 14

the south and west of the empire

Question 15

how many witch trials took place within the HRE

Answer 15

between 20,000-25,000 with more than half of those being tried were also executed

Question 16

what impact did the thirty years war cause on the HRE

Answer 16

> resulted in regions being devastated and destroyed by looting armies
death and disease spreading throughout Germany
effects on economy and trade

Question 17

what prince bishoprics did Johann Christoph von Westesttern control

Answer 17

> Ellwagan (1603-1612)
Eichstratt (1612-1636)

Question 18

what was the impact of witch commissioners on the HRE

Answer 18

> were originally established to try and stop the vast hunts from occurring
commissioners normally chosen by the head of territories and furthered hunts due to zealous nature

Question 19

when was the Prince-Bishop Phillip Adolf von Ehrenburg in control of Wurzeburg

Answer 19

1623-1631

Question 20

how many people did von Ehrenburg execute during his reign

Answer 20

900 people

Question 21

what was different to the people persecuted compared to other European hunts

Answer 21

victims came from all sections from society such as:
> nobles
> mayors
> Ehrenburg’s own nephew
> 19 Catholics
> 7 children

Question 22

what was different about the Jesuit Langenfield views after the hunts occurred within Wurzeburg

Answer 22

> he was convinced the individuals he led to the stake were not guilty of witchcraft
wrote an anonymous book in 1631 which helped to halt the hunts in Germany

Question 23

when did Ehrenburg die and who took over Wurzeburg after his death

Answer 23

> he died in 1631
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden took over and hunts ended

Question 24

when was the the Prince-Bishop Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen rule over Bamberg

Answer 24

1609-1622

Question 25

how many individuals did he persecute

Answer 25

> 300 accused witches > 102 of these individuals were in 1617

Question 26

what did Aschhausen establish in Bamberg which involved Jesuits

Answer 26

> wanted to re-catholicise Bamberg > schools were established by the Jesuits of Bamberg

Question 27

when did Prince-Bishop Johann Georg II Fuchs von Dornheim rule Bamberg

Answer 27

1623-1633

Question 28

how many individuals did he persecute

Answer 28

caused the deaths of 600 victims

Question 29

why was his reign more dangerous than prior

Answer 29

> had the help of 7 witch commissioners > support from Bishop Friedrich Forner

Question 30

what prison did Dornheim establish in Bamberg

Answer 30

Drudenhaus Prison which housed 30-40 victims under torture

Question 31

what devastated Bamberg in the mid 1620s which caused individuals to turn to supernatural explanations

Answer 31

> war > crop failures and famines > plagues

Question 32

who was Dr George Haan and what happened to him and his family

Answer 32

> he was the vice-chancellor of Bamberg and had served over the bishops within this territory > he was a lenient judge which made him suspected of being a witch-sympathiser > his wife and daughter were arrested and imprisoned in 1627 > Haan and his son had appealed to the Speyer which forbade any proceedings against his wife and daughter- they had already been tortured and burned. > Haan and his son were burned in 1628

Question 33

who was Johannes Julius and what happened to him and his family

Answer 33

> Johannas was a previous Lord Mayor of Bamberg who under torture had admitted to being in a Devils Pact and having intercourse with a succubi > he was beheaded and burned in 1628 > all his family apart from one daughter were also executed

Question 34

how did von Dornheim benefit from these persecutions

Answer 34

> confiscated lands and property > payment of execution costs had to be paid by victims families

Question 35

how did Emperor Ferdinand II try to stop Dornheim

Answer 35

> imperial court had ordered the release of Haan which Dornheim ignored > 1630 Ferdinand called on Dornheim over the trial of Dorothea who had been executed in 1630 going against the Pope and the imperial court

Question 36

how did Bamberg hunts end and when did they end

Answer 36

> ended in 1631 > the death of Forner in 1630 > threats from the Swedish King had caused hunts to be reduced

Question 37

when did Swedish and Saxon troops enter Bamberg causing Dornheim to flee

Answer 37

1632

Question 38

when did von Dornheim die

Answer 38

died in exile in 1633

Question 39

when did Prince-Elector Ferdinand, Archbishop of Cologne rule over the Duchy of Westphalia

Answer 39

1612-1650

Question 40

how many people were executed

Answer 40

2000 people were burned for witchcraft during 1626-1634

Question 41

what caused these sudden hunts in Cologne

Answer 41

crop failures and the lack of involvement of the witch commissioners