Holt Chemistry Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 1

chemical bond

Answer 1

a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together

Question 2

ionic bonding

Answer 2

chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions

Question 3

covalent bonding

Answer 3

chemical bonding that results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

Question 4

nonpolar-covalent bond

Answer 4

a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally

Question 5

polar

Answer 5

having an uneven distribution of charge

Question 6

polar-covalent bond

Answer 6

a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons

Question 7

molecule

Answer 7

a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

Question 8

molecular compound

Answer 8

a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

Question 9

chemical formula

Answer 9

indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts

Question 10

molecular formula

Answer 10

shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound

Question 11

bond energy

Answer 11

the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms

Question 12

electron-dot notation

Answer 12

an electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of an element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element’s symbol

Question 13

Lewis structures

Answer 13

formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons

Question 14

structural formula

Answer 14

indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of atoms in a molecule

Question 15

single bond

Answer 15

a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Question 16

multiple bonds

Answer 16

double and triple bonds

Question 17

resonance

Answer 17

refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure

Question 18

ionic compound

Answer 18

a compound composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers or positive and negative charges are equal

Question 19

formula unit

Answer 19

the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be written

Question 20

lattice energy

Answer 20

energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

Question 21

polyatomic ion

Answer 21

a charged group of covalently bonded atoms

Question 22

metallic bonding

Answer 22

the chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

Question 23

malleability

Answer 23

the ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets

Question 24

ductility

Answer 24

the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire

Question 25

VSEPR theory

Answer 25

states that the repulsion between the sets of valence level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible

Question 26

hybridization

Answer 26

the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies