Holocaust Flashcards
Isolation Phase - Nuremberg Laws
Isolation
April 1 1933- Hitler proclaims a one day boycott on all Jewish shops
April 7 1933- All non-Aryan civil servants with the exception of soldiers are forcibly retired.
July 14 1933- German Nationality can be revoked from those
considered undesirable by the government.
September 15 1935- The Nuremberg laws deprive Jews of German citizenship and reduce them to the status of subjects.
Also forbids marriage and any sexual relations between Jews and Aryans.
August 1st 1936- The Olympic Games open in Berlin. Anti-Semitic propaganda is taken down.
-The 1936 Olympics were the first to be broadcast on TV and also to revitalize the Olympic torch run. Hitler used the 1936 Olympics as a platform to show the world the National Socialist State.
July 23 1938- All Jews must carry ID cards
October 5 1938- All Jewish passports must be marked with a “J”
November 7th 1938- Herschel Grynszpan, a Jew, attempts to assassinate a minor German official, Ernst Von Rath in Paris.
See attachment # 3
November 9th 1938- Von Rath dies. Goebbels calls for “spontaneous demonstrations”
throughout the Reich.
November 11th 1938- Jews may no longer own or bear arms. Destruction of
synagogues in the entire Reich.
November 12th 1938- Reparations of one million Reich Marks is imposed on all
Jews of Germany for the damage THEY caused to the infrastructure of Germany
during Kristallnacht.
-Jews may no longer head businesses
-Jews may no longer attend plays, movies, concerts and exhibitions.
Ghettoization
July 29, 1940- Jews may no longer have telephones
September 1, 1941- Jews may no longer leave their place of residence without permission of the police
October 24, 1941- Friendly relations with Jews are prohibited.
December 16, 1941- Jews may no longer use public telephones
January 10, 1942 Jews must hand in any wool and fur clothing in their possession
May 15, 1942- Jews are forbidden to keep dogs, cats ,birds or any other pets.
May 29, 1942- Jews may no longer visit barber shops
.July 17, 1942- Blind and Deaf Jews may no longer wear armbands identifying their condition in traffic.
Annihilation
On January 20 1942 a conference was convened at Wansee, a suburb of Berlin. This meeting, chaired by Heydrich, was attended by high level members of the Nazi party and the SS. One copy of the minutes of the meeting was found at the end of the war. In stark, stunning and horrific detail this short document outlines the “Final Solution” to the Jewish question (See attachment #2) . In short the document states that a massive transportation plan will be implemented to send the Jews of Europe to the Annihilation centres. These centres will be run by the SS and they will implement the mass murder of the Jews of Europe. The names of the signatories and attendees are all plainly laid out in the document. Additionally, you can see the numbers of Jews that are to be involved in the “solution” in the occupied countries of Europe. Each and every one of those numbers is a distinct person of inherent value, with the same hopes, dreams and aspirations as you and me.
2) As the Final Solution was implemented, one of the first steps was to “liquidate the Ghettos”. Yesterday we watched a clip from Schindler’s list that outlined this.
Unannounced, the Nazi’s enter the Gehtto and then start to divide the population. Men, women and children are ripped from each other and moved out of the ghetto. ANY semblance of opposition would lead to your summary execution. Others were simply shot for no reason at all. The elderly and infirm were murdered on the spot. Some forward thinking individuals had created hiding spots. Some of these were quite ingenious. All of them were caught as the Nazis stayed for days after the liquidation listening with stethoscopes for any sounds of people who would inevitably leave their hiding spots. From the precise historical records kept by the Nazis we know that not one single person escaped from the Ghetto. Not one.
Human Experimentation
Human Experimentation
Dr. Josef Mengele
Dr Mengele (Dr. Of Death or Angel of Death) was a Nazi officer who had been injured on the Eastern Front. He was assigned to Auschwitz Birkenau where he operated a science lab that based its experiments on human test subjects. Mengele was especially enamoured by the study of twins.
The Experiments
-Freezing/Hypothermia
-Genetics
-Infectious diseases
- Interrogation and torture
-High Altitude
-Pharmacological
-Sterilization
-Surgery
-Traumatic injuries
-Twins
Business of the Holocaust
The Nazis rise to power was tied to the business community in that
these businesses required the help of the Free Korps and the influence
of the Nazis to combat the communist uprisings in the early 1920’s. By
the time Hitler rose to power in 1933 the Nazi’s and their business
contacts were inextricably linked. With the beginning of the war many
business leaders saw the opportunity for profit that would result from
the use of free slave labour. Inevitably this then tied to these
companies directly to the overall goals of the Holocaust and in many
cases directly to specific camps.
D-Day
On June the 4th, as the troops prepared to attack, the weather got worse. Violent winds battered the coast of France. The troops stayed crammed on ships awaiting further orders. When forecasters said the storm might calm down for a few hours, General Eisenhower made a decision. With his words, “O.K., let’s go,” D-day began.
The Germans had known an attack was coming. To psych the Germans out, the Allies built a whole, fake army camp at Dover. They set up empty tents, built dummy ships, plywood aeroplanes and inflated rubber, blow-up tanks. German spy planes flying over the camp were tricked and reported a huge build-up of troops. Since Dover is very close to the French port of Calais, the Germans assumed that this was where the Allies would definitely attack and moved most of their troops to that area.
On June 6, 1944, the Allied forces attacked 200 km to the south west- on the beaches. of Normandy. The Canadians struck on a part of the beach, code-named Juno.
To protect the soldiers, paratroopers were first parachuted in behind enemy lines.
Then, 2000 bombers began to pound the German position to take out their artillery. As the dawn broke, Allied warships began to gun the Germans from the water. One hour later, the first waves of troops poured onto the beaches. They faced land mines, tank traps and barbed wire. And as they advanced on the beach, they were met by swarms of bullets from German machine guns…but this time, our soldiers kept coming.
Within a month, one million Allies had landed. D-day, code named Operation Overlord, was a huge success. Hitler was now caught fighting on two fronts. In the west, the Nazis had to fight against the Americans, the French, and the British Commonwealth. To the east, Russian troops were slowly but surely wearing down the tired German army.
