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Genocide - holocaust > Holocaust > Flashcards

Holocaust Flashcards

1
Q

Holocaust definition

A

Greek word for “sufferings by burning in fire

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2
Q

Jewish word in place of Holocaust

A

Shoah meaning “catastrophe”

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3
Q

When did the Nazi government take power

A

1933 by Adolf Hitler

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4
Q

Basic Nazi ideology

A

Jewish are inferior to non Jews, German people were the Master race

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5
Q

Untermenschen

A

Nazi labelled Jews as, meaning “Below human”

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6
Q

Ubermenschen

A

Nazi labelled Germans as, meaning Super human

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7
Q

Aryan

A

A race concept describing people who decent from Viking heritage, tall in stature and blonde and blue eyes

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8
Q

Nazis labelled as inferior

A

“Gypsies”, mentally and physically disable, Slavic people, communists, gays, and Jehovah witness religion, and union workers

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9
Q

2 kinds of camps

A

Concentration and Extermination camps

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10
Q

Concentration camp use

A

Slave labour for nazi war effort, to sell to private factories

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11
Q

Extermination camp use

A

To exterminate “undesirables” commonly know via gas chambers

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12
Q

Where were the death camps located

A

Not on German soil as they were illegal camps, they were built in Poland

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13
Q

6 Death camps what are their names!!

A

Auschwitz
Chelmno
Sobibor
Treblinka
Majdanek
Belzek

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14
Q

Crematorium

A

Special heat ovens to burn a body to ashes in 10-15 mins

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15
Q

Antisemitism

A

Hatred of Jewish people

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16
Q

Stab in the back theory

A

Hitler needed an enemy to blame for germanys loss in WWI. Hitler built the lie that Germany never lost and were stabbed in the back by the Jews and traitorous weak politicians

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17
Q

The poisonous mushroom

A

A Germans children book for children to push for nazi ideology and antisemitism

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18
Q

Joseph Goebbels

A

The minister of propaganda, used posters, newspapers, radios, street demonstrations to spread propaganda. Used position to persuade Germans to hate Jews

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19
Q

2 types of poster

A

Antisemitic and Pro-Aryan

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20
Q

Leni Riefenstahl

A

Hurlers filmmaker, hired to create propaganda movies for Nazi gov. Most famous movie filmed in Nuremberg showing the annual Nazi rally every summer. She denies helping Hitler stating “I’m just a filmmaker”

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21
Q

2 diseases in camp

A

Cholera - spread by contaminated water. Typhus - spread by lice biting into your flesh

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22
Q

3 problems phase one had

A
  1. Shootings up close and personal leading mentally unwell soldiers
  2. Bullets cost too much
  3. Burying bodies contaminated water
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23
Q

3 problems answer

A

Kill huge number of victims in gas chambers and cremate their remains

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24
Q

Why were gas chambers a better option

A

Chemicals were cheap, soldiers were far from the killing, bodies did not need burying

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25
Q

People who were sent to death camps were:

A

Older, unhealthy, women with infants as they would not be great for slave labour

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26
Q

Victims were lied ti

A

Sign out front “Arbeit macht fre” meaning “work will make you free. Told they were going to the showers and were led to gas chambers so they wouldn’t panic

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27
Q

Zyklon-B

A

A chemical used as rat poison would be poured through a tube in the roof of the gas chambers which would mix with oxygen to become a poisonous gas

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28
Q

Sonderkommandos

A

Jewish prisoners who were selected by SS guards to assist the Nazis in the murder process in exchange for special privileges. Only lived for a few months

29
Q

Sonderkommandos job

A

Cut hair of prisoners to sell to shoe factories. Took bodies to elevator to where crematoriums are. Took out teeth with gold fillings to make into gold bars.

30
Q

Nazi medical experiments

A

Put prisoners in bath of ice to see when they would die of hypothermia. Took out organs to see how long they’d survive.
Injected patients with unknown chemicals
Sewed two children together to see if they could live as Siamese twins.
Female Jewish workers were sterilized.prisoners put in high pressure chambers to see if they could survive a plane crash

31
Q

Dr. Josef Mengle

A

Conducted illegal medical experiments. Escaped after WWII

32
Q

What happened in 1945

A

The war was coming to an end and was ordered to destroy all the evidence. Death marches and cut off water supply.
Allied powers came in too fast though and caught them

33
Q

Allied powers

A

USA, Canada, Britain, USSR

34
Q

Nuremberg trials

A

The trials for the 177 nazis captured. Allied forces appointed 3 judges
US one
Britain one
Russian one

35
Q

Trialed for 2 crimes

A

War crimes
Genocide

36
Q

Hermann Goering

A

Hitler stop advisor “economic minister” then became “Air force leader (Riefenstahl)

37
Q

What did Goering defend and what was the gods response

A

“This was a war and you just follow orders”
“Soldiers need to disobey illegal orders”

38
Q

Executioner

A

John woods, botched many hangings and was obviously not a real executioner

39
Q

Executions

A

Almost all botched, Julius streicher botched so bad he had to be taken down and strangled.

40
Q

Julius Streicher

A

Editor of Dir Stiirmer
Nazi newspaper
Poisonous mush room
Convicted as participating in a genocide by creating hateful propaganda

41
Q

Why was the Allied forces so careful in the crimes they charged

A

Because it was a war and so they only charged with crimes they actually commitex

42
Q

How did Goering die

A

Was to be hanged after being found guilty but committed suicide

43
Q

Where did Nazis put the Jews and why

A

Put Jews in fenced off neighbourhoods called ghettos to help control them and round them up

44
Q

Why were camps always next to railroads

A

To make the transportation very easy and efficient

45
Q

The Evian Conference

A

1932, when Nazis began terrorizing Jews, the us president rounded up 32 countries in hopes of opening up borders to refugees. No one did

46
Q

1939 German Jews escape

A

Ship went across Atlantic Ocean.
Was turned down at Cuba
Was turned down at US
Was turned down at Canada
Forced to return to their country

47
Q

Kristallnacht

A

“Night of crystal (glass)”
1938, Hitler got mad a Jew killed their officer.
Planned to allow German mobs to riot and destroy Jewish businesses

48
Q

Herschel Gyrnszpan

A

A Jew teen from France that killed a Nazi officer for not allowing their family into France

49
Q

Why was Kristallnacht important

A

It showed Jews that they were being targeted for a genocide

50
Q

Nuremberg laws

A

1935, Hitler passed a series of laws.
Stripped Jews of their citizenship and rights
Prohibited Jews from marrying Germans
Forced Jew teachers , lawyers and doctors to quit their job
Jews forced to wear Star of David
Jew businesses forced into German ownership
Jews had to have a red “J” stamped on their passport

51
Q

Wannasee conference

A

1942, 15 top Nazi officials discussed the plan of the final solution

52
Q

Aktion T-4/Euthanasia

A

Nazi gov believed physically or mentally I’ll people were making Germany weak
Crippled
Down syndrome
Epilepsy
Schizo
Doctors ordered to inject people with poison to murder them
Notified families with letters of their passing

53
Q

Another way they tried to kill people

A

Use gas vans, the tail pipe inside to pour in fumes when driven around to kill them
The people would vomit and defecate
Too much trouble

54
Q

Einsatzgruppen (killing squads)

A

Before gas chambers, there were killing squads
They woudl round up undesirables

55
Q

4 mobile killing Squads

A

Operated mostly in
Soviet Union
Baltic région of Lithuania
Estonia and Latvia
Poland

56
Q

What did the killing squads do

A

Killed undesirables in the forest
Victims dug a pit and stood in front of them while they were shot point blank

57
Q

SS soldiers (Shutzstaffel)

A

Hurlers personal guards
Put in charge of the 2 kinds of camp
Wore black uniforms and death head insignia

58
Q

Selection did what

A

Doctors looked for
Not sick
No coughing
Good muscle bone
Not too old
Etc
If you had any of these things you were pointed for special treatment (gas chambers)

59
Q

Camp conditions

A

Slept in barracks
Giant outdoor pits for washrooms
Diseas spread
Overcrowded
Minimal food
Not enough protein, fresh vegetable, no vitamins
Soup with no meat
Food often spoiled

60
Q

Heinrich Himmler

A

Leader of SS
In charge of camps
Committed suicide

61
Q

Reinhard Heydrich

A

Head of Nazi intelligence agency
In charge of planning Kristallnacht
Top decision maker

62
Q

Adolf eichman

A

Rank in SS
Present at Wannsee conference
Planned how to transport Jews
Escaped arrest to Argentina but was killed by Israeli gov

63
Q

Us general Dwight D Eisenhower

A

Visited Nazis camps and was so disgusted he recorded and photographed everything
Made nearby town people look at it

64
Q

Oskar Groning

A

Came forth many years later at 93 to speak against Holocaust deniers saying he saw the crematoriums and gas chambers

65
Q

Oskar groning convixted of

A

For the death as an accessory to murder to 300000 people
Being responsible for counting banknotes confiscated from prisoners
Allege he hid victims luggage to hide victims fate

66
Q

Jews throughout history blamed for

A

Any natural disaster
Conspiracy with the devil
Black Death and poisoning wells
Using non Jewish victims in Jewish rituals
Treason and treachery (death of Jesus)
Stabbing Germany in the back
Being a demonic force that poisoned the world with conflicting ideas such as exploitative capitalism and communism

67
Q

Repeatedly accused of

A

Caring only about money
Conspiracy
Plotting to take over the world

68
Q

How did Germany accept antisemitism

A

Pushed in media’s
Propaganda everywhere appeared everyone agreed with it
Everyone needed something to blend for their life being bad

Genocide - holocaust (1 decks)

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