Holocaust Flashcards
what are 4 types of anti-jewish measure put in place by hitler
§ Boycotting businesses and then seizing them.
§ Jewish people were separated from non-Jews and defined.
§ Jews were excluded from professions and studies.
§ Jewish children barred from school.
How did Hitler distribute antisemitic ideology?
Censorship and propaganda. Had a minister for propaganda and ‘enlightenment’.
Examples of antisemitism throughout history
o The protestant reformation only escalated hatred for Jews
o It was believed that it was the Jews who murdered Jesus.
How to analyse a source?
How to Analyze a Primary Source
Look at the physical nature of your source. …
Think about the purpose of the source. …
How does the author try to get the message across? …
What do you know about the author? …
Who constituted the intended audience? …
What can a careful reading of the text (even if it is an object) tell you?
Why and who did Hitler prosecute along with jewish people?
Hitler wanted a pure arayan race therefore also prosecuted disabled and gay.
How did Hitler legally proscecute ‘unfit’ germans?
In 1933 the ‘Law for Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring’ was passed, allowing for the forced sterilisation of those regarded as ‘unfit; prisoners, diasabled, mental health patients, elderly, black people, etc.
First law restricting jewish people?
1933 - 1934 “Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service” of April 7 (employment and education based)
What are Nuremberg laws?
- Reich Citezenship law - stripped German Jews from Citenzenship
- The protection of German blood and German honor - Prohibited marriage and relations between Jews and non Jewish germans, (those actions were criminalized)
What is Kristallnacht
“Night of the Broken Glass”
A pomgrom (violent outburst directed to a certain group of people)
What caused Kristallnacht?
A jewish boy (17yrs) shot a geman diplomat
When was Kristallnacht
November 9–10, 1938
Aftermath of Kristallnacht german perspective?
Shifted the persecution from legal to social
- Goal was to make the Jews life as worse as possible
- Forced out of public areas
- Limited to moving and housing rights
Aftermath of kristallnacht Jewish perspective
Motivated many Jews to emigrate from Germany
Jewish community had to pay a ransom of 1 billion Reichsmark, as an “atonement tax” which led to many anti-Jewish laws and edicts
All insurance was confiscated
Further legislation put in place to restrict jewish life
What were ghettos like?
Forced to leave homes and were held essentially as prisoners
Each ghetto was closed off/guarded in different ways - eg. Lodz ghetto with wooden fence and barbed wire, guards stood inside and outside
As a city-within-a-city, Jews were forced to run services and institutions, ie. police, post, leaders, food distribution
Food was obtained from
Official German sources - ration cards allowed them to buy much less than rest of pop
Black market - high prices
80% of food came from smuggling
Ghettos were liquidated in 1942
Warsaw ghetto when?
15 November 1940
