Holism and Reductionism

Question 1

top (eval 1) holism and reductionism

Answer 1

reductionism is dangerous as it overlooks the the meaning of behavior or reduces to the point of ignoring the actual cause.

Question 2

point eval 1holism and reductionism

Answer 2

Wolp - systematic desentisation
treated women with phobia of insects
didt help
found out her husband had an ‘insect’ nickname
and she had really bad relationship with him

Question 3

tail eval 1holism and reductionism

Answer 3

phobia was not conditional
but a representation of bad relationship
reductionist approach overlooked the real cause and therefore it was unable to help.
even though reductionist approach can explain why phobias helpful - it is not the only way disorders should be looked at

Question 4

top eval 2holism and reductionism

Answer 4

reductionism fails to explain relationship between brain and mind

Question 5

point eval 2 holism and reductionism

Answer 5

Materialism - all behavior can be reduced down to physiology and so be explained.
Assumes physical basis has a link to or causal relationship with cognition (the mind).
but we can only observe some.
e.g - REM sleep associated with dreaming.
however we dont know if one causes the other.
Dualists believe that both interract.
Martin: depressed ppl + therapy= change dop
depressed ppl + drugs = change dop

Question 6

tail eval2 holism and reductionism

Answer 6

interractionist approach is better in some way, as studying such complex and abstract non material mechanism as mind and brain

Question 7

holism is

Answer 7

behavior should be studied as a whole

Question 8

what is Genstalt Psychology

Answer 8

the whole is better then the sum of its parts

Question 9

example of holism

Answer 9

humanisitc approach
Maslow Roger
develop a whole person by maximising their fulfilment in community

Question 10

Reductionsim is

Answer 10

ananysing behaviour by reducing it to the basic parts

Question 11

Parcimony is

Answer 11

scientific principle that all beahviour should be explained using the basic simple form

Question 12

expamples of Reductionism

Answer 12

biological: ocd and schiz = genes
environmental: attachemnt is a product of Classical and Operant cond.

Question 13

the diagram of levels
what are the bottom two ?
and what type they are?

Answer 13

2. genetics
3. physiology

they are reductionist

Question 14

the diagram of levels
what are the middle three?
and what type they are?

Answer 14

5. social cognition
6. interpersonal interaction
7. Cognition and emotions

they are psychological

Question 15

the diagram of levels
what are the top two?
and what type they are?

Answer 15

7. cultural
8. socio-political

they are holistic

Question 16

what is Idiographic

Answer 16

approach when one individual is studied, the insight from the research is profound,
done through case studies.
believes in uniqueness and free will.

qualitative

Question 17

what is Nomothetic

Answer 17

approach that focuses on creating laws from lab studies, having big samples of ppts. it creates generalised rules for all.

quantitative

Question 18

idiographic examples

Answer 18

Freud: Little Hans - a case study, Freud collected 150 written descriptions by Hans father about Hans life.

CBT: and treating people with OCD

Humanistic approach

Question 19

Nomothetic example

Answer 19

Biological: generic rules like changing levels of dopamine to reduce +ive effect of schizophrenia

Behavioural: attachment theory by Bowlby

Cognitive: memory + case study of HM

Question 20

eval 1 top Idiographic and nomothetic

Answer 20

separating two is not necessary