Holderness Coast

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

East coast of England. Yorkshire

Question 2

geology?

Answer 2

Mainly soft boulder clay and unconsolidated glacial till. Which leads to high erosion rates.

Question 3

Mass movement?

Answer 3

Slumping, caused by the undercutting of clay at the base of cliffs.

Question 4

Sources of energy?

Answer 4

Large fetch from the North Sea (high wave energy).

Question 5

Erosion rates?

Answer 5

Average rate of 2m/year. However up to 10m/year in some areas between Bridlington Bay and Spurn Head.

Question 6

Importance of Bridlington bay in the sediment cell.

Answer 6

Bridlington Bay has extremely erosion rates, supplying other areas of the cell with sediment.

Question 7

Bridlington bay erosional statistic?

Answer 7

Retreated 5km since Roman times.

Question 8

Importance of Hornsea? How is it preserved?

Answer 8

Hornsea is important for the local economy, as it is a popular tourist destination. To ensure its protection, Hard engineering has been built; sea walls, groynes and steel revetments.

Question 9

How was Flamborough head formed

Answer 9

Flamborough Head’s geology is chalk. Chalk is more resistant sedimentary rock than surrounding clay, which resulted in a headland forming.

Question 10

Formation of Landforms at Flamborough head?

Answer 10

Waves converge onto the headland. The converging waves erode the base of the cliffs, through wave quarrying. This creates wave cut notches and then platforms and cave->arch->stack->stump

Question 11

Importance of Spurn head

Answer 11

Spurn head spit is a natural defence, protecting settlements up the Humber estuary. Spurn head spit is classified as a temporary sediment store as it is vulnerable to being breached during a storm.

Question 12

Reasons against the conservation of spurn head

Answer 12

The sediment that is deposited here, could arguably be used elsewhere in the sediment cell where erosion is retreating the coast.

Question 13

Coastal management examples
(Bridlington,Hornsea,Mappleton,Easington)

Answer 13

Bridlington- 3.6km of high concrete sea walls and wooden groynes to stabilise the beach.

Hornsea- Seawalls have been upgraded in height to respond to rising sea levels and more storms.

Mappleton- EU funded a £2.1 mill scheme in 1991 to protect the coastal road.

Easington- 1km revetment to protect gas terminal. Once the gas terminal is moved, hard engineering will be removed.