Holderness Flashcards
Why is Holderness the fastest eroding?
Mixture of soft and hard rock from the headland to the bay or a dis-concordant coast
Wheres the evidence of erosion?
Debris from the chalk cliffs are highly soluble and little travels to the south
What is the coast mainly made out of?
Glacial till
Whats the average eroding rate?
1.5-2m per year
How many villages were lost since the roman times?
30
The cycle of natural cliff erosion at Holderness?
Soft boulder clay cliffs become saturated with rain water
Steep cliff face fails and a landslide or slump takes place
Cliff and debris create a relatively stable angle of debris
Storm waves remove the debris in LSD, cliff steepens
Cycle begins again
What do the rising sea levels and weak nature explain?
The physical reasons behind the rapid erosion
Why has management been concentrated on existing settlements?
These areas will have something that will benefit the area and out weigh the cost benefit anaylsis
Socio-economic impacts of coastal erosion (4)
Properties threatened lose value
Some rely on tourism
Loss of jobs
Shops and schools will close
What are Mappleton’s main problem?
They have boulder clay cliffs, strong waves and a narrow beach which means there’s little protection from waves
Hard engineering at Mappleton
2 rock groynes
Rock revetment
Re-grading of the boulder clay cliffs
How much were Mappleton granted to maintain the coast?
2.1 million
Was the strategies placed at Mappleton effective?
To an extent but its still early signs and castle farms were still lost
What is happening at Barmston?
The coastline is retreating
What is the management at Hornsea?
Hold the line
Background info on Hornsea?
Home to 8000 people
Dependant on tourism and fishing
Why did Hornsea experience more erosion in the past?
They had groynes in place and that led to sand loss to the south
What were the new defences put in place at Hornsea in 1994?
Repair of 19 groynes
Underpinning of seawalls
Building of a flood wall
Placing rip rap
Where are the prevailing winds coming from?
North East (long fetch)
Direction of LSD
North to South
Where does the eroded material go?
Most into the sea, the rest down south by LSD
Where is Holderness?
On the east of the UK
South-East from Leeds
From Flamborough Head to Spurn Head
Rising sea level per year
4mm eustatic rise
