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z - History of Health > HOH - History of Western Medicine > Flashcards

HOH - History of Western Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

who were the fore-runners of todays skilled surgeons?

A

Medieval barbers

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2
Q

who laid the foundatioins for modern diagnostic techniques?

A

the ancient greeks

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3
Q

who was the first to perform dissections of human body to learn how it works?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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4
Q

8000 BC =

A

Prehistoric Medicine

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5
Q

2000BC

A

Ancient Egyptian Medicine

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6
Q

400BC-300AD

A

Greeks and romans

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7
Q

500-1400

A

middle ages

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8
Q

700-1500

A

Arabic Medicine

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9
Q

1400-1700

A

the renaissance

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10
Q

1700-1900

A

18th and 19th centuries

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11
Q

1900-2000

A

20th century

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12
Q

2000-2010

A

21st century

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13
Q

cave paintings and symbolic artefacts suggest the earliest humans believed in

A

spirits and supernatural forces

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14
Q

the first doctors were specialized individuals who were thought to be able to contact the spirit world and seek their guidance when they entered mysterious trances and would call upon the spirits to bring good hunting or heal the sick

A

shamen

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15
Q

8000 BC - Prehisoric Medicine: used to dispense the first medicines as they knew eating ___ ___ could treat sickness

A

special plants

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16
Q

8000BC: prehistoric medicine - holes in the skull to allow the spirits to leave a sick person

A

trepanning

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17
Q

8000BC: prehistoric medicine - trepanning was prevalent in the

A

south pacific, europe, north and south america

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18
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - the ____ ____ was believed to cause or cure diseases and priests played a large part in egyptian medicine

A

goddess Sekhmet

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19
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - healing was dominated by ____ ____

A

religious beliefs

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20
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - doctors were often ____ who communicated with the Gods and spirits

A

Gods

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21
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - ointments, inhalers, pills, potions were made using ___ material

A

plant

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22
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - the one who walked in peace

A

imhotep

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23
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - medical papers were found on this type of paper

A

papyrus

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24
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - detailed records of the symptoms and treatments of illnesses and can be called th ___ ___ ___

A

first medical textbooks

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25
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - embalmers removed body organs and carefully preserved them in jars and buried with ____ bodies

A

mummified

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26
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - mummification indicated that they had detailed ____ of the internal structure of the body

A

knowledge

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27
Q

400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - god of disease and healing

A

apollo

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28
Q

400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - fifth century replaced by

A

asclepius

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29
Q

400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - symbols of medical profession

A

staff and holy snake

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30
Q

400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - greek physicians are more ____ and so leart through apprenticeship to a master

A

craftsmen

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31
Q

the most famous greek philosopher and is the father of modern medicine

A

Hippocrates

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32
Q

the first to attempt to separate the practice of medicine rom religion and superstition

A

Hippocrates

33
Q

he emphasized familiarity not only with the patients symptoms, but also with the season of the year and the patients living conditions, diet fluid intake, and exercise habits

A

Hippocrates

34
Q

four humours

A

blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile

35
Q

this gave a person a lively personality and lots of energy. they would enjoy life and the arts

A

blood

36
Q

this made a person feel lethargic or have a dull personality

A

phlegm

37
Q

this caused depression and sadness

A

black bile

38
Q

this influenced a persons temperament, it caused anger and fiery

A

yellow bile

39
Q

physis -

A

nature

40
Q

observation of the disease process instead of the disease cause = ____ and _____

A

inspection and palpation

41
Q

a treatise on Hippocratic treatments and is a collection of several books

A

Corpus Hippocraticum

42
Q

a greek physician who emigrated to Rome and become the principal doctor to many gladiators

A

Galen

43
Q

one of the first physicians to use animal dissections to understand the human body

A

Galen

44
Q

romans were the first to realize the ___ ____ _____ by linking dirt and disease

A

importance of hygiene

45
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages - ____ ___ collapsed and ___ ___ practices lost

A

Roman Empire; public hygiene

46
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages also called

A

the dark ages

47
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages - more emphysis on ___ for healing

A

religion

48
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages - herbal remedies banned as ____

A

witchcraft

49
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages - surgery was crude and ____ was used as anesthetic

A

opium

50
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages - in ____, outbreak of bubonic plague

A

1347

51
Q

500-1400AD: Middle Ages - _____ had the power to heal by touching the sufferers

A

royalty

52
Q

700-1500AD: Arabic - treated all :

A

universal health care

53
Q

700-1500AD: Arabic - author of the laws of medicine and was completed around ____AD and translated into latin the __th century

A

Ali al-Husayn Abd Allah Ibn Sina (Avicenna); 1030; 12

54
Q

Canon of Medicine by Avicenna contained five books:

A

formulation of medicines, diagnosis of disorders, general medicine, detailed therapies

55
Q

Canon of Medicine - ____ _____ became skilled in the formulation of medicines from plants and minerals

A

arabic pharmacists

56
Q

700-1500AD: Arabic - used ____ soaked in narcotics as early anesthetics

A

sponges

57
Q

1400-1700AD: renaissance - ___ ___ theory dominated in diagnosis and treatment of diseases

A

four humour

58
Q

who were the two doctors who mastered anatomy?

A

Andreas Versalius and Leonardo Da Vinci

59
Q

the development of university medicine first occured in northern italy in the wealthy towns of ____ and ____, then in _____ and ___

A

Bologna and Padua; France; England

60
Q

1400-1700AD: renaissance - ___ ___’s circulation theory was published in 1628

A

William Harveys

61
Q

1400-1700AD: renaissance - new medicines

A

quinine and tobacco leaves

62
Q

1400-1700AD: renaissance - new diseases

A

bubonic plague, small pox

63
Q

1400-1700AD: renaissance - _____ was used to arrest bleeding

A

cauterization

64
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - Vaccinations in ___ by ___ ___

A

1796; edward jenner

65
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - x-rays in ___ by ____

A

1895; Roentgen

66
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - a dutch clockmaker, made the first ____

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek; microscope

67
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - germs and microorganisms, microbio

A

Louis Pasteur

68
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - importance of hygiene

A

Florence Nightingale

69
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - choloroform and cocaine

A

anesthetics

70
Q

1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - brought the mortality rate down to 4% from 60%

A

joseph lister; antiseptics

71
Q

1900-2000: 20th century - three people who found penicillin

A

fleming, florey and chain

72
Q

1900-2000: 20th century - two who found insulin

A

banting and best

73
Q

1900-2000: 20th century - first heart transplant done by ______ in ____

A

Dr. Christian Bearnard; 1967

74
Q

1900-2000: 20th century - first birth after IVF in ___ on _____ __th

A

1978; July 28th

75
Q

1900-2000: 20th century - 3 disease that still remain in thrist world countries and are taking away many lives

A

malaria, cholera, tuberculosis

76
Q

20th and 21st century - medicines

A

antiseptics, antibiotics, antipileptics, antipsychotics, chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, biologic agents, aspirin, blood transfusions and blood banks

77
Q

20th and 21st century - evaluative procedures

A

electron microscope, CT scans, MRI scans, MRA scans, pet scans, functional MRI. the human genome, genetic testing, genetic enzyme replacements therapy

78
Q

the future of medicine should be a balance between the ___ of medicine and ____

A

art; science/technology

z - History of Health (5 decks)

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