Hofstede Flashcards
What are the 6 dimensions
- power distance
- Collectivism vs individualism
- uncertainty avoidance index
- Femininity vs masculinity
- Short-term vs long-term
- Restraint vs indulgence
What is the low and high power distance?
Low = egalitarian
High = embraces hierachy
What is the low and high in femininity vs maculinity
Low = nurture important
High = power important
How is power distance defined?
It has been defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed by unequally.
What does power distance suggests?
It suggest that a society’s level of inequeality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders
What does power distance refers to?
It refers to acceptance of authority differences between people, thus protocol, formality and hierachy are considered important
What are high power cultures and how is it implemented (3)
- Japan
- Korea
- Russia
The CEO is involved in the negotiations and is the final decision maker
What is the difference between Western Europeans and North americans vs Asia
Western Europeans and north americans are informal, downplay status by using namens and dressing casual. Asia, honors, titels and status are extremely important. Bows instead of handshakes
What is the difference between Western Europeans and North americans vs Asia
Western Europeans and north americans are informal, downplay status by using namens and dressing casual. Asia, honors, titels and status are extremely important. Bows instead of handshakes
When do negotiators from low power distance cultures may be frustrated?
When those from high power distance countries seek approval from supervisors. Contrary the latter may feel pressured by the pace imposed by the others.
What is collectivism & individualism?
It is the degree to which people in society are integrated into groups
Individualistic cultures tend to… (4)
- Put task before relationships
- Tolerate open conflict
- place the needs of the individual over those of the group
- expect the other party to have the authority to make decisions unilaterally
Describe a manager from a collectivistic culture (4)
- They value solidarity
- They value loyalty
- They value strong interdependence among individuals
- The members define themselves in terms of the group they belong
Describe a collectivistic manager
They show more concern for the needs of the other party by focussing on group goals and feel irritated when individuals promote their own position and ideas during negotiations
What is a crititcal error for collectivism & individualism
Both types do not understand the other’s main interest
Uncertainty avoidance is not the same as? explain what it is:
Risk avoidance: it deals with a society’s tolerance for ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations
High uncertainty avoidance cultures have: (2)
- Formal bureaucratic negotiation rules
- Only trust in friends and family
Low uncertainty avoidance cultures prefer to work….
To work informally with flexibility
Who is seeking for specific commitments in terms of value, timing and requirements?
Negotiators from high-risk avoidance
Low-uncertainty negotiators are likely to be comfortable with… (2)
- Rough estimates of volume and timing
- Constantly changing requirements
Masculinity versus femininity refers to …
The distribution of values between the gender
What fits into the masculine pole (6)
- Assertive
- Competitive
- Independent
- Task oriented
- Resulting in a win-lose situation
- Conflicts solved by fighting
Who is most likely to gain the most with competitive behaviour: feminine or masculine?
Masculine
Feminine cultures are: (6)
- Cooperation
- Modesty
- Empathy
- Social relations
- Resulting in collaborative and compromising
- Most likely to get a win-win situation
