Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oncology > Hodgkin's lymphoma > Flashcards

Hodgkin's lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

what is a lymphoma?

A

haematological malignancy arising from lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what characterises Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Reed sternberg cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the types?

A

classical

nodular lymphocyte-predominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of classical Hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosis
mixed cellularity
lymphocyte rich
lymphocyte depleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

risk factors

A

EBV
smoking
HIV immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who is it most common in?

A

men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

characteristics of Reed sternberg cells

A

large
multinucleated
malignant cells
owl like appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are hodgkin cells?

A

mononuclear variant of reed sternberg cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is nodular lymphocyte-predominant characterised by?

A

lymphohistiocytic reed-sternberg variant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which is the most common type of classical?

A

nodular sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which classical type has best prognosis?

A

lymphocyte rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which classical type has worst prognosis?

A

lymphocyte depleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who is nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma most common in?

A

rare
males most at risk
more common in black ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical features

A 
gradual lymphadenopathy 
malaise
fatigue 
B symptoms
mediastinal mass 
pruritus 
hepatosplenomegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gradual lymphadenopathy

A

painless
firm
enlarged lymph nodes - most commonly of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B symptoms

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mediastinal mass

A

may present with SOB, cough, pain or superior vena cava obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

diagnosis

A 
excision biopsy of affected lymph nodes - preferred to fine needle aspiration or core biopsy 
immunophenotyping 
PET/CT for staging 
Bloods
Imaging 
additional tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bloods

A 
FBC
U&Es
LFTs
bone profile
LDH
uric acid
ESR
HIV
Hep B 
Hep C
HTLV-1
20
Q

Imaging

A

chest x-ray
PET CT
CT neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis
MRI of brain and liver

21
Q

additional tests

A 
lumbar puncture 
CSF analysis 
echo 
pulmonary function tests 
bone marrow biopsy
22
Q

what is an echo needed for?

A

assess cardiac function if considering doxorubicin chemotherapy

23
Q

what are pulmonary function tests used for?

A

if considering bleomycin chemotherapy

24
Q

what is the staging?

A

Lugano staging

25
Q

Lugano staging

A

describes anatomical distribution of disease
important for prognostic and therapeutic importance
modified by presence/absence of B symptoms, extranodal involvement and bulky disease

26
Q

what is bulky disease?

A

disease >10cm

27
Q

what are the stage categories?

A

limited
stage II bulky
advanced

28
Q

what are the stages of limited disease?

A

stage I and II

29
Q

what is stage II bulky disease?

A

stage II with bulky disease

30
Q

what are the stages of advanced disease?

A

stage III and IV

31
Q

stage I

A

1 node or group of adjacent nodes

single extranodal lesion without nodal involvement

32
Q

stage II

A

2 or more nodal groups on same side of diaphragm - limited contiguous extra-nodal involvement

33
Q

stage III

A

nodes on both side of diaphragm are affected

or nodes above the diaphragm with spleen involvement

34
Q

stage IV

A

additional non-continguous extra-lymphatic involvement

35
Q

what determines management?

A 
Lugano staging 
ESR
age 
number of regions involved
presence of bulky mediastinal disease
36
Q

management options

A

chemotherapy - ABVD

radiotherapy

37
Q

treatment for early stage disease

A

AVBD 3-4 cycles + or - radiotherapy after

38
Q

treatment for advanced stage disease

A

ABVD or BEACOPP or stanford V

radiotherapy as adjunct

39
Q

BEACOPP

A 
bleomycin 
etoposide
doxorubicin 
cyclophosphamide 
vincristine 
procarbazine 
prednisolone
40
Q

Standford V

A 
doxorubicin
vinblastine 
mechlorethamine
vincristine
bleomycin 
etoposide
prednisolone
41
Q

can relapses be treated?

A

depends on prognostic indicators, timing and number of relapses

42
Q

what is treatment for relapse?

A

salvage chemotherapy
radiotherapy
autologous haematopoietic cell transplant

43
Q

blood transfusions

A

must be irradiated blood to reduce risk of transfusion-associated graft versus host disease for all adults and children with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

44
Q

prognosis

A

reasonably good

45
Q

cure rate

A

> 75% but depends on stage

46
Q

limited disease 5-year survival rate

A

90%

47
Q

advanced disease 5-year survival rate

A

75-90%

Oncology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions