Hobbes & Locke

Question 1

define distributive justice for hobbes

Answer 1

fair distribution of societies benefits

Question 2

how distributive justice achieved in hobbes

Answer 2

The state

Question 3

what is the problem that arises from the fact that all humans seek pleasure

Answer 3

Because humans are naturally appetitive machines their desires conflict with one another. In the state of nature this causes violence and instability

Question 4

humans are _________ machines

hobbes

Answer 4

appetitive

Question 5

what is the hobbesian state of nature

Answer 5

society before the state. Is a bunch self interested people doing what ever they desire.

Question 6

how does social contract justify government? relate to distributive justice

Hobbes

Answer 6

The government’s roles is to establish justice. Under the state of nature only those with the power to do so are capable of having anything

Question 7

why do people seek peace? Hobbes

Answer 7

Peace is valuable

Question 8

describe the social contract? Hobbes

Answer 8

contract between individuals where they self-interestly choose to exit a state of nature and cooperate.

power given to state consensually

it is a rational decision to have the state

violence by the state is justified so long as it preserves contract

Question 9

How does Hobbesian king differ from divine right of kings

Answer 9

kings are public servants

Question 10

how hobbes justifies state

Answer 10

People willing to choose to form a state as the most rational decision

the state brings peace because it can secure their rights.

only the strong succeed without the state so the many weaker chose to form a state to protect themselves

Question 10

hobbes materialist or idealist

Answer 10

materialist

Question 10

hobbes communitarian or individualism

Answer 10

individualism

Question 11

locke state of nature

Answer 11

state of nature is peaceful in locke, but nothing is protected

Question 12

why form a state locke

Answer 12

Form the state to protect rights. (life liberty and property)

people for state consensually

Question 13

describe the relationship between rights and the state

Answer 13

rights are intrinsic and do not given by the state, rather the state protects the people’s rights

How state protects rights
1. Sets innate moral law to writing so people do not misconstrue them
2. Provides 3rd party judgment
3. Enforces law

Question 14

What is Tabula Rasa

Answer 14

Blank slate

Locke believes that we are born tabula rasa and that all knowledge is gained from experience. no innate ideas

Question 15

How do we get knowledge of things like infinite from experience

Answer 15

ideas and concepts are extrapolated from our experiences with reason

Question 15

What is the difference between simple and complex ideas

Answer 15

Ideas are built upon from our experiences. A simple idea has not been built upon a complex one has various things compounding to make it.

Question 15

Explain primary and secondary qualities

Answer 15

Primary qualities actually belong to the object

Secondary Qualities are how we perceive them

Question 16

how do primary and secondary qualities prove what we see is real

Answer 16

What we perceive come from primary qualities without them there would be no experience to base knowledge on.

Question 17

For locke we can only know things about ourselves

Answer 17

no knowledge of external things is possible