HOBBES

Question 1

HIS IDEAS ARE INFLUENCED THROUGH THE?

Answer 1

Reformation period

Royalists v Puritans

Question 2

POLITICAL THOUGHT

Answer 2

Empirical view->invented mod theory pols (method, lang, concepts) through this political thought

Question 3

WHAT POLITICAL THOUGHT DID HE ATTACK? WHY?

Answer 3

Classical tradition, especially Aristotelianism

Question 4

HUMAN NATURE

Answer 4

Grounded in hum nat->no new facts, just new ways looking at facts
Study of hum=purely physical->reducible to body and motion->2 kinds motion accountable for life: involuntary and voluntary->hum animated through motion

Question 5

THE WILL AND HAPPINESS

Answer 5

The will of all hum will max pleas and min pain->the final act=the will
Happiness=realisation of pleasure->pp disposed to unlimited amount pleasure—>desire for pleas is ceaseless
Distinguish bet our will and the objects of our will-> pp have diverse passions bc temperamental differences—>but all have innate desire for pleas.

Question 6

DESIRE

Answer 6

All desire 1 thing=power->bc pow is means to attain pleas.

Hum are desiring and pow-seeking-> use intellect to further ends->.:hum nat is s-i and antisocial

Question 7

CHOICE TO MAXIMIZE PLEASURE

Answer 7

Have no choice but to try max pleasure->.:denies idea of free will, bc of our hum nat

Question 8

STATE OF NATURE

Answer 8

Condition where pp unconstrained by leg rules->no gov pow
Mental construct->intellectual thought experiment->abstract idea—> why should we live under law—>not factual account
Creates a struggle for pow->.:state of war, bc everyone against everyone

Question 9

PROS AND CONS OF THE STATE OF NATURE

Answer 9

> Pros-unlimited freedom-no laws-whatever wish and be happy w/ it
Cons-unlimited freedom-no laws-issue of safety-near impossible have pers possessions-kill or be killed

Question 10

SOCIAL CONTRACT

Answer 10

State=result of contract bet pp
Extent pow gov det by analysis of contract->abstraction and gov=body
The Consent Contract Theory->state exists to provide security for pp
Contract=result of the law of nature

Question 11

WHAT DO WE GIVE UP IN THE SON FOR SECURITY WITH THE SOCIAL CONTRACT?

Answer 11

Freedom->wee sign the contract because of fear->informed by our nature
If we didn’t face problems in the SON then we wouldn’t have pols at all