Hoax and Myth Exam 2 Flashcards
Inductive reasoning
-General to specific.
-Derived general principles from specific observations.
-Multiple true or well-supported premises are viewed as supplying strong evidence for the conclusion.
-The truth of the conclusion is probable based on the evidence given.
Deductive reasoning
-Specific to General.
-Uses comparison, context
-Often done poorly by claimers.
-Start with Specific data, broad conclusion, then end with specific conclusion
-Looks like a rhombus.
Analogy
-A process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects.
-a correspondence or partial similarity.
Schema
-A representation of a plan or theory in the form of an outline or model.
-How it works: new information is interpreted as something you already know.
-What are the eight motivations of people who are involved in the topics we’ve talked about?
-Are any of the motivations mutually exclusive?
-Money.
-Fame.
-Religion.
-Racism
-Nationalism.
-Spookiness.
-Romanticism.
-Crazy.
-These motivations are not mutually exclusive.
What is the nature of a “true believer?”
- They will do anything to make you believe them.
- They will play with your schema so you see something in their image.
- They will take things out of context constantly.
Erich van Daniken
His strategies, motivations, and training as an archaeologist
- The Gremlin
- Always takes things out of context
- Makes humans seem like they are not capable of building anything, without help from aliens
- Motivations were likely fame, money, and just being crazy
- Draws connections to nothing basically
- Has no training as an archaeologist.
- Wrote Chariots of The Gods
- Pyramids in Egypt thought to have been built to protect the writings of Enoch from Noah’s flood.
- Aliens=gods.
- Pakal was an astronaut.
Egyptian Pyramids
-Evolution of pyramids in Egypt.
-What does the Bible say about building the pyramids?
-Matabas, Step pyramids, and then “regular” pyramids. The pyramids evolved from the mastabas by stacking them on top of each other. Eventually, they smoothed out the sides and made the entrances harder to find to avoid grave robbing.
-The Bible doesn’t specifically mention the building of the pyramids.
Egyptian Pyramids
-Who built them?
-What are they built of?
-What tools were used? How were they used?
-Workers on behalf of the Pharaoh.
-Workers were paid/treated well-NOT slaves or Jewish.
-Most of the pyramids are built out of local sandstone with a limestone cast or just limestone blocks.
-Copper tools that were used to cut and shape limestone blocks.
Egyptian Pyramids
-What does archaeology tell us about the lives of builders?
-How long did it take to build them?
-Why did pyramid building fall out of favor, and what happened next?
-The workers weren’t slaves. They were well-fed, paid, and somewhat taken care of. They had their own living quarters on site and got special treatment/were respected.
-Around 30 years to build in some cases.
-Pyramids are labor intensive and had a consistent problem with grave robbing. They eventually moved the tombs to a centralized location known as the “Valley of the Kings,” where they built more secluded and harder-to-reach catacombs.
Egyptian Pyramids
-For what purpose were the pyramids built?
- The Pharaoh was viewed as a god; he lived in the spirit world with the gods. Upon death, he would return to his body on Earth and required a tomb to be preserved in and surrounded by materials he would need whenever his spirit returned to his body. Every Pharaoh wanted to one-up the other one.
Mayan Culture
-History of Palenque, overall Mayan city-states, etc.
-Palenque was the capital of the region.
-Mayan cities were built around important water sources. If you controlled the water, you had power.
-Lots of trade between city-states.
-Plaenque had the first known pressurized indoor/underground plumbing system.
-Localized power in the form of city-states. The king of each city-state had rule over that area. Some are more powerful than others.
Mayan Culture
-How were pyramids in Mayan culture built?
-Who built the pyramids?
-Limestone.
-Temples were usually rebuilt and updated by adding onto or covering the previous structure.
-The community
Mayan Culture
-History of Pakal
-What is signified on Pakal’s sarcophagus lid? Could you draw that for us?
-Pakal ruled from 615-683 CE.
-During his reign, Pakal was responsible for the construction/ extension of some of Palenque’s most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture.
-Pakals Lid shows Pakal ascending and descending the sacred tree of life into the afterlife. Pakal inhabits both the world of the living and the dead. The lid depicts the king suspended over the jaws of the underworld.
Evolution vs Creationism
-Why is this topic in a course on Hoax and Myth in Anthropology?
-What is the motivation of these claimers?
-How does this hurt society?
-The spread of misinformation is in many forms. Trying to deny reality and misunderstand science, much like other claimers such as bigfoot people we have looked at. Human evolution also directly correlates with Anthropology.
-To push their religious agenda. They believe that Evolution undermines their religion.
-It hurts society because not only is it blatant misinformation, but they are actively limiting education to students all across America. Not everyone is a Christian fundamentalist, and society shouldn’t be structured as such.
