HOA3

Question 1

BUIILDING MATERIALS OF SRI LANKA

Answer 1

Graphite, limestone, laterite and sand stone; clay

Question 2

During this period the foundation were laid for political., social and artistic tradition, among the several sinhalese kings of this era noted for their great building works one stand out above the rest, kassapa i who left anuradhapura to create a unique city constructed on and around an immense rock- hill sigiriya.

Answer 2

The Anuradhapura Period (4th century bc to 10th a.d)

Question 3

King purakrama baho “the great” (12th century) principally undertaken the building of this city. The outstanding architectural creation was a cetiya-ghara, the “wata-da- ge” (circular relic house), built in stone and bricks. The polonnaruwa example is exquisitely proportioned. A quality conspicuous is many of the building. The gateways, stairways and sculpture lions and beasts recall cambodia and java , two impressive architectural monuments are temples of lankatilleke and gadaladeniya, both sited on rocky eminence.

Answer 3

The Polonnaruwa Period ( 11th to 13th century).

Question 4

This period saw the division of the country into several kingdoms, with the capital at kandy in an area initially undistributed by foreign interference. The portuguese and dutch introduced the late renaissance and baroque to the colonial styles, british brought a colonial georgian and later, the royal engineers, colonial classic to be seen in the official buildings and influencing the style of private construction

Answer 4

The Kandyan Period ( 15th-19th century)

Question 5

( lion’s rock/, sinhalese) is a large and ancient rock fortress and palace ruin in the central matale district of sri lanka, surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs and other structures.

Answer 5

Sigiriya

Question 6

a dagoba originally conical and later rebuilt to inverted bell shaped with pillars which is typically ornate in capitals

Answer 6

Thuparama, Anuradhapura

Question 7

the largest bricks structure in the world made with 93 million bricks.

Answer 7

Jetavanaramaya

Question 8

a gigantic stupa, 300ft tall, and 905ft round. Popularly regarded as the greatest, and certainly the most popular among the buddhist, of the stupas at anuradhapura, ruwanveli seya, is the pride of the great emperor dutugamunu.

Answer 8

Ruvanvelisaya Dagoba

Question 9

which means mango tree temple. It is a small structure with a nice story. According to the legend, the temple was built on the spot where king devanampiyatissa, while in the middle of hunting, was surprised by mahinda.

Answer 9

Ambasthala Dagoba Mihintale Hill

Question 10

also known as the golden temple of dambulla is a world heritage site (1991) in sri lanka, situated in the central part of the country. It is the largest and best preserved cave temple complex in sri lanka.

Answer 10

Dambulla Complex Of Cave Monasteries

Question 11

also known as vatadage, dage, thupagara and cetiyagara; a buddhist structure found in sri lanka. Although it may had some indian influence, it is a structure that is more or less unique to ancient sri lanka architecture. Vatadage were built around small stupas ;for their protection, which often enshrined a relic or were built on hallowed ground.

Answer 11

Watadage

Question 12

is considered to be one of the best preserved examples of traditional sinhalese temple architecture. Built on a rock, the temple is reached by long series of rock cut steps.

Answer 12

Lankatilaka Temple

Question 13

a huge temple during the reign of parakrambahu, the 17 m walls still stand, but the roof is gone, as is the head of the colossal buddha image that stands within, the walls are carved with friezes of polonnaruwa in its golden age.

Answer 13

Lankatilaka Gegide

Question 14

in matale, is the historic location where the pali canon was first written down completely in text on olla (palm) leaves.

Answer 14

Aluvihara Hindu Temple

Question 15

is very important place in sri lanka history since the hindagala temple is related to many ancient legends and amazing wall paintings. The vihara geye is totally built under a natural large rock

Answer 15

Hindagala Temple

Question 16

the sacred tooth relic in kandy is the most venerated place worship for buddhist throughout the world. Built in 16th century, this temple houses the sacred tooth relic of buddha brought to sri lanka from kalinga province in ancient india in the 4th century ad.

Answer 16

Dalada Maligawa Temple

Question 17

BUILDING MATERIALS OF CHINA

Answer 17

Copper zinc, antimony. Tungsten, manganese and mercury

Question 18

open courts and porticoes with kitchens, refectories, and sleeping cells for the priests. The normal type consists of three lofty pavilions of one storey, with parallel open timber roofs approached by broad flights of steps, gateways and bridges.

Answer 18

Temples-consists of successive

Question 19

imperial palaces and official residences were erected as isolated, one- storey pavilions resembling temples in general design and crowned with the typical roof and not imposing.

Answer 19

Palaces

Question 20

most famous of ancient chinese building undertakings. Constructed by shi-huang-di first sovereign ruler of qun. It stretches over-one-twentieth of the earth’s circumference, from the pacific ocean to the gobi desert.

Answer 20

Great Wall Of China

Question 21

the tomb of qin shihuangi near xian, took 36 years to build. The ch’in dynasty’s subterranean vault, discovered in 1974, houses a life-size army of 6,000 to 8,000 terra-cotta soldiers, arches, houses, and chariots.

Answer 21

Xian Tomb

Question 22

BUILDING MATERIALS OF JAPAN

Answer 22

Bamboo, Stone, Granites, and porphyries

Question 23

square plan, mostly five-storeyed and about 45 meters (150 feet) in height. In construction they are virtually suspended around a central timber, thus providing a measure of stability againts earthquake shocks. to each storey and the subtle curvature.

Answer 23

Pagodas

Question 24

“a response to nature” the japanese love of nature is the single force that influences life in japan. The japanese respect nature, and to respect nature is to live nature’s way.

Answer 24

Traditional Japanese House

Question 25

developed in the kamakura period as a result of the aesthetic doctrine of zen buddhism which permeated japanese thought and resulted in the ‘tea-ceremony’ (chanoyu) garden cultivation and flower arrangement. The tea house represents a most exclusive japanese social institution, and was the resort of the most sophisticated and fashionable world. In no sense can it be identified with a normal public restaurant.

Answer 25

Tea Houses

Question 26

the typical japanese inn closely resembles the large private house, but it is invariably plann- ed round a central courtyard. In larger examples, upper floors are provided with connecting galleries. Appreciation of the importance of personal hygiene is strongly marked in the japanese character.

Answer 26

Bath houses

Question 27

One of the most primitive and holy of the shinto designs, the izumo shrine shares with the yayoi house model the beetling gables, gable-end entrance (contrasting with the chinese main-facade entry) and the peculiar round timbers balanced on the ridge. The crossing and projection of the gable rafters is a feature no less primitive, consecrated in the design. The shrines as they exist today are poems of carpentry. The subsequent of shinto temple design combined these initial forms with style adopted from the chinese.

Answer 27

Native Japanese Architecture

Question 28

can be distinguished from buddhist by the
characteristic “TORII” or gateways formed by upright posts
supporting two or more horizontal beams, under which, it was
considered, worshippers must pass for prayers to be effectual.

Answer 28

Shinto temples

Question 29

are entered through an elaborate
two-storeyed gateway, sur- mounted by a muniment room
under and ornate roof. Temples usually have a columned
loggia, either round three sided or forming a facade to the
main building. Frequently there is a portico over the
approach steps which rest upon timber columns, held
together at the top by horizontal tie beams. In large temples
and halls, the interior columns are provided with elaborate
compound bracketing to support the roof.

Answer 29

Buddhism foundations