HOA pt. 1 - Prehistoric Times, Egyptian Arch Flashcards
the earliest known period of human culture, preceding the bronze age and the iron age and characterized by the use of stone implements and weapons.
Stone Age
an agricultural region arching from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea in the west to Iraq to the east, the location of humankind’s earliest cultures
Fertile Crescent
the last phase of the Stone Age, characterized by cultivation of grain crops, domestication of animals, settlement of villages, manufacture of pottery and textiles and use of polished stone implements.
Neolithic
A temple-tower in sumerian and assyrian architecture, built in diminishing stages of mud brick with buttressed walls faced with burnt brick, culminating in a summit shrine or temple reached by a series of ramps, though to be of sumerian origin.
Ziggurat
a prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab. it is usually a tomb
Dolmen
an artificial mound of earth or stone esp over an ancient grave.
Tumulus
Monumental stone sculptures of a human-headed and winged bulls or lions that guarded the entrances to mesopotamian palaces and temples.
Lamassu
a prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith, usually standing alone but sometimes aligned with others
Menhir
a single block of stone of considerable size, often in the form of an obelisk or column.
Monolith
a stone-built subbterranean tomb of the mycenaean civilization consisting of a circular chamber covered by a corbeled dome and entered by a walled passage through a hillside.
Beehive tomb
a long deep passage way into an ancient subterranean tomb
Dromos
A megalithic monument erected in early Bronze Age, on Salisbury Plain, England. consisting of four concentric rings of trilithons and menhirs centered around an altar stone. Believed to have been used by a sun cult for astronomical observations.
Stonehenge
a circular mound of earth or stone, esp over an ancient grave.
Cromlech
two upright megaliths supporting a horizontal stone
Trilithon
a temple tower presumed to be the great ziggurat at Babylon, which no longer survives though it was seen and described by the greek historian Herodotus.
Tower of Babel
a circular arrangement of vertically oriented wooden posts or stones
Henge
an ancient egyptian tomb made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with a flat roof and sloping sides, from which a shaft leads to underground burial and offering chambers
Mastaba
an ancient egyptian capital shaped like of the crown of a palm tree
Palm Capital
an ancient egyptian capital having the shape of a lotus bud
Lotus Capital
a tall, four sided shaft of stone that tapers a sit rises to a pyramidal point, originating in ancient egypt as a sacred symbol of the sun god RA and usually standing in pairs astride temple entrances
obelisk
a figure of imaginary creature having the body of a lion and the head of a man, ram or hawk commonly places along avenues leading to ancient egyptian temples or tombs
sphinx
a column having the egyptian goddess of love and happiness, Hathor, as the head of its capital
Hathor head
favorite motifs of design of egyptians
palm, lotus, papyrus
2 main classes of temples in egyptian architecture
cult temple and mortuary temple
temples for ministration to deified Pharoahs
mortuary temple
structure whose CORNERS are made to face the four cardinal points
Ziggurat
structures whose SIDS are made to face the four cardinal points
Pyramids
the most stupendous and impressive of the rock-cut-temples
Great temple, Abu Simbel
The beginner of the great hypostyle hall at karnak and the founder of the 19th dynasty is
Rameses I
The great pyramid of Gizeh was built during the 4th dynasty by
Cheops
the grandest temple of all egyptian temples. it wasnt built upon by one complete plan but owes its size, disposition and magnificence to the work of many kings. It was built from 12th dynasty to the Ptolemaic period.
Great temple of Ammon, Karnak
Tomb of Atreus, a noted example of the tholos type of tomb is also known as:
Tomb of Agamemnon
