HNS Flashcards
Temporalis origin and insertion
origin: temporal fossa
insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Temporalis action
elevates and retracts the mandible
Masseter origin and insertion
origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral surface of the ramus
Masseter action
closes the mouth
Medial pterygoid origin and insertion
Origin: sphenoid bone and lateral pterygoid plate
insertion: angle of mandible
Medial pterygoid action
elevate the mandible
lateral pterygoid origin and insertion
origin: lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla and palate
insertion: neck of mandible
lateral pterygoid action
depresses and protracts the mouth
side to side movement in isolation when grinding
what does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate
occipitofrontalis, obicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli
What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate
obicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus
What does the mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervate
depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis
what does the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervate
platysma
what 3 structures does the pharynx contain
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
innervation of the pharynx
motor and sensory innervation is by the pharyngeal plexus (formed from fusion of CN 9 and 10)
at what level does the pharynx end
C6, inferior border of cricoid cartilage
describe welders ring
adenoid/pharyngeal tonsil at top of mouth, tubal tonsil, palatine tonsils on sides, lingual tonsils on base of mouth
what are the choanae separated by
the posterior end of the nasal septum
what are the two arches in the mouth,
most anterior: palatoglossal arch
posterior: palatopharyngeal arch
which muscle elevates the uvula
levator veli palatini
which muscle elevates the soft palate
tensor veli palatini
what are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx and their innervations
superior, middle and inferior constrictors
stylopharyngeus
sensory: CN 9, 10 (pharyngeal plexus)
motor: vagus nerve, except stylopharyngeus - glossopharyngeal nerve
what are the 3 glands of the lower face, what type are their secretions and which nerves run through them
Parotid: glossopharyngeal, mainly serous
Sublingual: facial, mainly mucous
Submandibular: facial, mainly serous
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
top: superior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
inferior longitudinal
what are all of the tongue extrinsic muscles innervated by
hyperglossal nerve
origin and insertion of genioglossus
origin: mental spine of mandible
insertion: dorsal of tongue and body of hyoid bone ( fan shape)
action of genioglossus
compacts the tongue, profusion of tongue
hypoglossus origin and insertion
origin: hyoid bone and greater horn of hyoid bone
insertion: inferolateral part of tongue
action of hyoglossus
flattens tongue, pulls it backwards
styloglossus origin and insertion
origin: distal styloid process and stylohyoid ligament
insertion: posterior sides of the tongue
action of styloglossus
Elevates & retracts tongue
palatoglossus innervation
CN 10
palatoglossus origin and insertion
origin: Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
insertion: Posterolateral aspect of tongue
action of palatoglossus
Elevating posterior tongue
Depressing soft palate
Geniohyoid origin and insertion
origin: inferior mental spine
insertion: hyoid bone
Geniohyoid action
elevates and draws hyoid anteriorly
widens pharynx
innervation of tongue
Anterior 2/3
Trigeminal: touch
Facial: taste
Posterior 1/3
Glossopharyngeal
Which anatomical landmark marks the boundary between the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
epiglottis
what are the 2 processes of cretinoid cartilage
lateral: muscular process
medial: vocal process
what are the two parts of the cricothyriod muscle
straight and oblique part (oblique is most lateral)
innervation of criocthyroid muscle
superior laryngeal branch of CN 10 (vagus)
action of cricothyroid muscle
pulls cricoid muscle upwards
which vertebrae does the thyroid gland span
C5-T1
artery which goes from brachiocephalic trunk to isthmus of thyroid
thyroid ima artery
which nerves can be seen running to and from cricoid muscle from posterior view of larynx
superior and inferior laryngeal nerves
what are the ligaments from the transverse process of one vertebra to the transverse process of another called
Intertransverse ligaments
ligaments of the antlo-occipital joint
cruciform ligament (x shaped) alar ligement come out upwardly and diagnally behind on either side
what is the notch of the thyroid cartilage called
superior thyroid notch
what is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called
laryngeal porminence
what is the top surface of the coccygeal vertebrae called
sacral promontory
what are the 2 prominences on either side of the sacral hiatus called
sacral cornua (further does there is coccygeal cornua too)
what is the space between the true vocal cords called
rima glottidis
what is the function of the posterior cricoaretynoid muscles
abduct the vocal cords
what is the function of the lateral cricoaretynoid muscles and the transverse/oblique cretinoid muscle
adduct the vocal cords
what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal nerve) except cricothyroid which is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve
what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve pass over
left: aortic arch
right: subclavian artery
which nerve passes in front of the ear
auriculotemporal
