HNS

Question 1

Temporalis origin and insertion

Answer 1

origin: temporal fossa
insertion: coronoid process of mandible

Question 2

Temporalis action

Answer 2

elevates and retracts the mandible

Question 3

Masseter origin and insertion

Answer 3

origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral surface of the ramus

Question 4

Masseter action

Answer 4

closes the mouth

Question 5

Medial pterygoid origin and insertion

Answer 5

Origin: sphenoid bone and lateral pterygoid plate
insertion: angle of mandible

Question 6

Medial pterygoid action

Answer 6

elevate the mandible

Question 7

lateral pterygoid origin and insertion

Answer 7

origin: lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla and palate
insertion: neck of mandible

Question 8

lateral pterygoid action

Answer 8

depresses and protracts the mouth

side to side movement in isolation when grinding

Question 9

what does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate

Answer 9

occipitofrontalis, obicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli

Question 10

What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate

Answer 10

obicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus

Question 11

What does the mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervate

Answer 11

depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis

Question 12

what does the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervate

Answer 12

platysma

Question 13

what 3 structures does the pharynx contain

Answer 13

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 14

innervation of the pharynx

Answer 14

motor and sensory innervation is by the pharyngeal plexus (formed from fusion of CN 9 and 10)

Question 15

at what level does the pharynx end

Answer 15

C6, inferior border of cricoid cartilage

Question 16

describe welders ring

Answer 16

adenoid/pharyngeal tonsil at top of mouth, tubal tonsil, palatine tonsils on sides, lingual tonsils on base of mouth

Question 17

what are the choanae separated by

Answer 17

the posterior end of the nasal septum

Question 18

what are the two arches in the mouth,

Answer 18

most anterior: palatoglossal arch

posterior: palatopharyngeal arch

Question 19

which muscle elevates the uvula

Answer 19

levator veli palatini

Question 20

which muscle elevates the soft palate

Answer 20

tensor veli palatini

Question 21

what are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx and their innervations

Answer 21

superior, middle and inferior constrictors
stylopharyngeus
sensory: CN 9, 10 (pharyngeal plexus)
motor: vagus nerve, except stylopharyngeus - glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 22

what are the 3 glands of the lower face, what type are their secretions and which nerves run through them

Answer 22

Parotid: glossopharyngeal, mainly serous
Sublingual: facial, mainly mucous
Submandibular: facial, mainly serous

Question 23

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 23

top: superior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
inferior longitudinal

Question 24

what are all of the tongue extrinsic muscles innervated by

Answer 24

hyperglossal nerve

Question 25

origin and insertion of genioglossus

Answer 25

origin: mental spine of mandible insertion: dorsal of tongue and body of hyoid bone ( fan shape)

Question 26

action of genioglossus

Answer 26

compacts the tongue, profusion of tongue

Question 27

hypoglossus origin and insertion

Answer 27

origin: hyoid bone and greater horn of hyoid bone insertion: inferolateral part of tongue

Question 28

action of hyoglossus

Answer 28

flattens tongue, pulls it backwards

Question 29

styloglossus origin and insertion

Answer 29

origin: distal styloid process and stylohyoid ligament insertion: posterior sides of the tongue

Question 30

action of styloglossus

Answer 30

Elevates & retracts tongue

Question 31

palatoglossus innervation

Answer 31

CN 10

Question 32

palatoglossus origin and insertion

Answer 32

origin: Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate insertion: Posterolateral aspect of tongue

Question 33

action of palatoglossus

Answer 33

Elevating posterior tongue | Depressing soft palate

Question 34

Geniohyoid origin and insertion

Answer 34

origin: inferior mental spine insertion: hyoid bone

Question 35

Geniohyoid action

Answer 35

elevates and draws hyoid anteriorly | widens pharynx

Question 36

innervation of tongue

Answer 36

Anterior 2/3 Trigeminal: touch Facial: taste Posterior 1/3 Glossopharyngeal

Question 37

Which anatomical landmark marks the boundary between the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

Answer 37

epiglottis

Question 38

what are the 2 processes of cretinoid cartilage

Answer 38

lateral: muscular process medial: vocal process

Question 39

what are the two parts of the cricothyriod muscle

Answer 39

straight and oblique part (oblique is most lateral)

Question 40

innervation of criocthyroid muscle

Answer 40

superior laryngeal branch of CN 10 (vagus)

Question 41

action of cricothyroid muscle

Answer 41

pulls cricoid muscle upwards

Question 42

which vertebrae does the thyroid gland span

Answer 42

C5-T1

Question 43

artery which goes from brachiocephalic trunk to isthmus of thyroid

Answer 43

thyroid ima artery

Question 44

which nerves can be seen running to and from cricoid muscle from posterior view of larynx

Answer 44

superior and inferior laryngeal nerves

Question 45

what are the ligaments from the transverse process of one vertebra to the transverse process of another called

Answer 45

Intertransverse ligaments

Question 46

ligaments of the antlo-occipital joint

Answer 46

``` cruciform ligament (x shaped) alar ligement come out upwardly and diagnally behind on either side ```

Question 47

what is the notch of the thyroid cartilage called

Answer 47

superior thyroid notch

Question 48

what is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called

Answer 48

laryngeal porminence

Question 49

what is the top surface of the coccygeal vertebrae called

Answer 49

sacral promontory

Question 50

what are the 2 prominences on either side of the sacral hiatus called

Answer 50

sacral cornua (further does there is coccygeal cornua too)

Question 51

what is the space between the true vocal cords called

Answer 51

rima glottidis

Question 52

what is the function of the posterior cricoaretynoid muscles

Answer 52

abduct the vocal cords

Question 53

what is the function of the lateral cricoaretynoid muscles and the transverse/oblique cretinoid muscle

Answer 53

adduct the vocal cords

Question 54

what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 54

``` vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal nerve) except cricothyroid which is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve ```

Question 55

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve pass over

Answer 55

left: aortic arch right: subclavian artery

Question 56

which nerve passes in front of the ear

Answer 56

auriculotemporal