HME101 Flashcards
What are the 5 D’s?
Data Determinants Delivery Discovery Diagnosis
Define burden of disease.
A summary measure of health that combines the burden of premature death with the burden of years lived with disability
Name some environmental interventions
- Policy
- Health system strengthening
- Setting norms and standards
- Dissemination interventions
Name some behavioural interventions
Community support groups : diabetes support groups, peer education
Setting based initiatives : church based, school based, healthy together Victoria
Name some clinical interventions
The 5 A’s
Brief advice : smoking and Quitline, lifestyle prescriptions
Vaccinations
What are the 5 A’s?
Ask Advice Assess Assist Arrange
Define morbidity.
The rate of sickness in a population and the disease state of an individual
Define mortality.
Death
Define life expectancy.
How long we live from birth.
What is the best way to increase life expectancy in a population?
Treating children makes the biggest difference. Stopping one child from dying in their first year buys 81 years of improvement.
What are the top 2 killers in Australia?
Cancer & CVD
What are the 3 key infectious diseases?
Diarrhoea, malaria, pneumonia
How many deaths worldwide are attributed to NCD risk factors; Tobacco use Insufficient activity Harmful alcohol Diet
Tobacco - 6 million
Insufficient activity - 3.2 million
Harmful alcohol - 2.3 million
Diet - can’t determine
What percentage of the global burden of disease is lifestyle and behaviour linked?
25%
And this is increasing!
How have the DALYs differed over the years?
Reduced in younger populations. Greater burden of disease in older populations. We are living longer and living with disease which would have killed us back in the day
Why do men between 15-60 have a much higher risk of dying regardless of region?
Prescribed gender norms
Higher risk takers
Higher rates of violence, HD, mental health, suicide, MVA
How will DALYs change over time?
Burden of disease in the older population will increase and burden in younger populations will decrease
What is Australia’s number one cause of morbidity?
Cancer
Define epidemiology
The study of distribution of diseases and determinants of disease in populations
Define symptomatology
The study of symptoms of disease or the study of symptoms of a disease, collectively
Define the burden of disease
The sum of the DALYs acro cc a population provides the burden of disease, collectively
Define YLL
Years life lost, accounts for the impact of mortality, often indicated that chronic diseases are less important factors in premature mortality.
Diseases that affect younger people have greater YLL
