HLTH 350 Final Flashcards
Shaping the future of pandemics depends on:
- resource availability and deployment
- government response to the public health crisis
government response to the public health crisis
-more than just increasing medical knowledge surrounding treatment and prevention
Rational Trust is fundamental for health promotion
What is R0
Basic reproduction rate
what is R0 used for
measure the transmission of possible disease
number of secondary infections produced by a typical case of an infection in a population that is totally susceptible
for the R0 it depends on
duration of the infection period
- probability of infecting a susceptible individual
number of new susceptible individuals
how does R0 vary
varies considerably for different infectious diseases but can also be for the same disease in different populations
What is good governance according to the Human Rights Council
Transparency
Responsibility
Accountability
Participation
Responsiveness (of the people)
what does the ladder of intervention demonstrate:
- health policies are political in nature
- not without contestation and not entirely
Ladder of Intervention
shows the varying degrees of government action and curtailment of individual freedoms
3 stages of the ladder of intervention
- Elimination of choice, guiding choice through public health education and information, the government does nothing at all
Policy dilemmas during epidemics and pandemics
- policies most likely to promote healthcare are those that eliminate choice entirely and are seen as unpopular
- doing nothing and monitoring the situation is least likely to promote health and is often the easiest solution
stringency index
composite measure based on 9 responsive indicators, including school closures, workplace closures, and travel bans, rescaled to values 0-100
containment and health index
- measures the number and intensity of closures and containment policies and policies towards disease surveillance
containment policy responses
school closures, workplace closures, travel bans, testing policy, contact tracing, face covering, vaccine policy
define the precautionary principle
action should be taken to mitigate catastrophic risk even in the absence of complete evidence of the benefits fo the intervention or nature of risk
The application of the precautionary principle should be
- proportional to the chosen level of protection
- non-discriminatory
- consistent with measures already taken
- based on examination of the potential health benefits and costs
- subject to review
Vulnerability and who is impacted by responses
- Inequalities and disparities in educational opportunities
- migrant workers on the frontline
- housing and unhoused populations
- The elderly and long-term care homes
- Women
what are civil liberties
commitment to secure protected rights and freedoms of individuals against incursion from state
(freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, mobility rights)
freedom of expression and misinformation
social media and misinformation and disinformation, critics say these organizations should do more to stop the spread of infodemic during COVID-19 Pandemic
Infodemic mitigation measures
- health education and early education on the various vectors of infodemics
- build public understanding of the evolving nature of science
- strengthen public understanding of science, of scientific processes and scientific evidence
Digital surveillance and privacy rights
Rights and data surrendered temporarily
during an emergency can become very
difficult to get back
unintended consequences of precautionary principle responses during COVID-19
- opioid deaths skyrocket in connection to mental health crisis
- global food crisis
- physical distancing for the unhoused population
Integrity and trust in public procurement
- medical supplies procurement
- Arrive CAN and security, infringing on privacy, cost to develop
Delivery of social welfare during pandemics
- CERB
- Covid aid payments being demanded
“global” in global health
- transnational determinants
- health issues that concern many countries
- emphasis on commonalities and not differences
Global Health Systems
The global health system is comprised of a group of actors whose primary goal is to improve health, along with the rules and norms governing interactions
Transnational Actors are engaged in
- improving health
- protecting health security
- promoting human rights
- responding to humanitarian crises
- facilitating international development
polylateral interactions
- The interaction among and governance of states and non-state actors. Which include interactions, between non-state actors, and states.
- State actors, non-state actors, multi-lateral and bilateral institutions
Global Health System arrangements
- delivery arrangements
- funding arrangements
- governance arrangements
4 Major challenges for global health governance
- sovereignty
- sectoral
- moral
- accountability
“chaotic” in a chaotic system with many actors challenge
- complicates coordination
- erodes authority/leadership of WHO
- leads to a fragmented response
challenges to Global health governance
- chaotic system with many actors
- funding shortfalls, due to economic crises, austerity and funding cuts
- lack of single motivating rationale
- GHG moves from ‘low’ to ‘high’ politics (geopolitical transition and tension)
- social media and misinformation leading to low trust
