HLST 200 - Midterm Review Flashcards
- Health and Wellness - Active Living - Nutrition - Weight - Sexuality - Reproductive Choices and Pregnancy
Define: Life Expectancy
The average duration of life
Lowering your blood cholesterol level after after your Doctor informs you it is high is an example of?
Secondary Prevention
Define: Enabling Factor
Factors that make it possible or easier for people or populations to change their behavior. For example, living near a walking path when you want to start a walking program.
What is the ‘State of Being’ that precedes behaviour change?
Contemplation
An example of a reinforcing factor is?
Praise from family and friends
When setting realistic goals, what question should you ask yourself to gain insight into your behaviours?
What are my VALUES and what SKILLS do I need to make the change
Infant mortality rates are an example of?
A measurement of a nation’s health status
Termination is an ingrained behaviour change. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Social Dimension of Health
family, community, and environmental factors affecting health
Based on the physiology of men and of women, men and women encounter similar health problems. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE. There are many sex differences between men and women including differences in core body temperature, heart and circulatory system, lungs, liver, etc. These differences in physiology lead to differences in health problems. For example, due to differences in immune responses, men are less likely than women to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis.
Poverty has an indirect impact on a person’s health. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE. The impact of poverty on health is direct. A gradient effect of health occurs as those with higher incomes tend to live longer than poor people and are healthier at every stage of life.
Define: Health
A sate of complete well-being, including physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental components.
Define: Wellness
A deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.
The five principles of the CHA are:
CAP-UP
- Comprehensiveness
- Accessibility
- Portability
- Universality
- Public Administration
The top 10 Canadian risk factors for premature death according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- Dietary Risks (poor diet/allergies)
- Smoking
- High body-mass index
- High blood pressure
- Physical inactivity
- High fasting BGL
- High total cholesterol
- Alcohol use
- Drug use
- Occupational risks
Wealth = Health - TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Many studies show that people low on the socio-economic scale are likely to carry a higher burden of just about any disease (Canadian Medical Association, 2013)
Define: Food Security
When people have physical and economic access to safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy life.
Difference between Sex and Gender?
“Sex” refers to the biological (e.g., anatomy) and physiological characteristics that define men and women on the genetic, molecular, cellular, organ or organism level
“Gender” is a term based on a sense of femininity or masculinity as defined by the society in which we live.
In Canada different strategies are used to improve health. List 5 categories.
- Health Education
- Health Promotion
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Population health
List the 4 PREDISPOSING factors to health behaviour
- Knowledge
- Attitude
- Beliefs
- Values
- Perceptions
List the 4 ENABLING factors to health behaviour
- Skills
- Resources
- Accessible facilities
- Physical capabilities
- Mental capabilities
List the 4 REINFORCING factors to health behaviour
- Praise from others
- Rewards
- Encouragement
- Recognition
- Sense of achievement
The six ‘Stages of Change’
- Precontemplation: A stage in which you are not even aware you have a problem and in which you have no intention to change.
- Contemplation: Awareness that there is a problem behaviour and the consideration of changing it within the next 6 months.
- Preparation: Intent to change the problem behaviour within the next month.
- Action: Modifying behaviour according to a plan. A commitment of time and energy required.
- Maintenance: Continued work at changing behaviour. This change may take six months to a lifetime. Some lapses may be temporary.
- Termination: The Stage of Change where after two to five years, as persons behaviour becomes so deeply engrained they cannot imagine abandoning the change they have made.
Define: Flexibility
The range of motion allowed by one’s joints; determined by the length of muscles, tendons, and ligaments attached to the joints.
Muscular Fitness
The amount of strength and level of endurance in the body’s muscles.
Muscular Strength
The force within muscles, measured by the absolute maximum weight that a persona can lift, push, or press in one effort.
Muscular Endurance
The ability to perform repeated muscular effort, measured by counting how many times a person can lift, push, or press a given weight.
Acute Injury
Physical injury, such as a sprain, bruise, or pulled muscle, that results from sudden trauma, such as a fall or collision.
Overuse Injury
Physical injury to joints or muscles, such as a strain, fracture, and tendinitis, which results from overdoing a repetitive activity.
When exercising in hot weather…
always drink sufficient fluid.
A good way of preventing overuse injuries
Vary your fitness activities throughout a week.
Being active at least _______ minutes per week can help reduce risk factors and promote health.
150 minutes
During exercise, greater than normal stresses placed upon the body is an example of?
Overload
_________ defines how often an exercise is done.
Frequency
__________ is when the amount of weight lifted is increased to aid in enhancing muscular strength.
Intensity
Reversibility Principle
The physical benefits of exercise are lost through disuse or inactivity.
Duration
The amount of time you work out.
Specificity Principle
Each part of the body adapts to a particular type and amount of stress placed upon it.
Consider the following components to help ensure a safe, effective aerobic exercise program:
- Ensure readiness.
- Check with your doctor before beginning
- Exercise within your target heart rate zone to benefit your heart and lungs
- Consider intensity
- Appropriate exercise type
- Frequency of exercise
- Duration of exercise
- Include a warm-up (about 5 minutes) to prepare the cardiorespiratory system and muscles.
- Include a 5-10 minute cool-down after training for faster recovery and less muscle fatigue.
- Don’t push too hard or too fast; consider your program in three phases that include a beginning, progression, and maintenance.
The acceptable macronutrient ranges for adults?
Fat (20-35%)
Carbohydrates (45-65%)
Protein (10-35%)
The human body contains how many different amino acids?
20
Fish is a particularly important source of
omega-3 fats
a nutrient involved in bone formation and nerve function
calcium
Persons with a food intolerance should never eat any amount of the given food. TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE. Persons with a food intolerance may be able to eat some of the food; those with a food allergy must avoid all forms of the food.
Carbohydrate
Organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; source of bodily energy. (eg grains, cereal, pasta, fruits, vegetables, nuts, milk, and sugars)
Saturated Fats
- Solid at room temp
- Trigger production of cholesterol
- Provide energy
- Red meat, dairy products, egg yolks, and coconut or palm oils.
Unsaturated Fats
- Liquid at room temp
- Trigger “good” cholesterol production more than “bad”
- Provide energy
- fish, avocados; olive, canola, and peanut oils; stick margarine; some baked goods
Vitamins
- Facilitate use of other nutrients
- involved in regulating growth, maintaining tissue, and manufacturing blood cells, hormones, and other body components.
- Found in fruits, vegetables, rains, some meat and dairy products.
Minerals
- Help build bones and teeth
- Aid in muscle function and nervous system activity
- Assist in various body functions, including growth and energy production.
Proteins
- Help build new tissue
- Build antibodies, enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
- Provide fuel
- Meat poultry, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, and cheese.
What are the four food groups in Canada’s Food Guide?
- Vegetables and Fruit
- Grain Products
- Milk and Alternatives
- Meat and Alternatives
Identify the six classifications of nutrients
- water
- proteins
- carbohydrates
- fats
- vitamins
- minerals
Role of water as an essential nutrient?
- Carries nutrients
- Removes waste
- Dissolves amino acids, glucose, and minerals
- Cleans body by removing toxins
- Regulates body temperature
Dietary Fibre -vs- Functional Fibre
Dietary Fibre is the non-digestible form of carbohydrates occurring naturally in plant foods (like stems, skins, and hulls).
Functional Fibre consists of isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have been extracted from plants or animal sources. It may then be added to other food.
Total Fibre is the sum of both.
Vegan
Total vegetarian diet - consume only foods of plant origin, no animal products of any type.
Lacto-vegetarian
A vegetarian diet that includes dairy products, grains, fruits, and vegetables, but no eggs.
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
A vegetarian diet that includes both dairy products and eggs, grains, fruits, and vegetables.