HLE 1150 quiz #4 Flashcards
Immunity, Infection, & Environmental Health
What are the two main types of cells of the adaptive immune system?
T cells and B cells
T and B cells are known as
Lymphocytes
This cell becomes plasma that secretes antibodies
B cell
T cells differentiate into
helper T cells, killer T cells, or suppressor
T cells
Antigens
Substances that trigger the
immune response are called antigens
What do Macrophages do?
engulf the invading microbe and convey danger to other immune system cells.
Pus
dead white blood cells and debris– may collect at the cite infection
primes the body to remember an
encounter with a specific antigen
Immunity
what’s one way to promote immunity
vaccines
Types of vaccines
-Attenuated organisms
-Killed Viruses
- mRNA
In the past century, vaccines have helped increase American life span by ____ years.
30
microscopic single-celled organisms
Bacteria
an inflammation of the lungs
Pneumonia
inflammation of the meninges,( the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord)
Meningitis
Streptococcus
strep throat and other streptococcal
infections
Staphylococcus:
toxic shock syndrome and other staphylococcal infections
Tuberculosis (TB)
Lung infection
Most prevalent STI in U.S
Chlamydia trachomatis
How is Chlamydia diagnosed
lab test
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
flourishes in mucous membranes
How is gonorrhea transmitted
sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of a partner with gonorrhea
Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
ceftriaxone
concerned with the
collective interactions of humans with their environment and the health consequences of these
interactions
environmental health
Environment
everything that surrounds us
air pollution accounts for approximately ______ deaths per year
4.2 Million
a mixture of other pollutants from car exhaust, power plants,
and factory emissions
smog
AQI range
0-500
AQI stands for
Air Quality Index
5 major air pollutants
-Carbon monoxide (CO)
- sulfur dioxide (SO2),
-nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
- particulate matter (PM)
-ground-level ozone
reradiation causes a buildup of heat
that raises the temperature of the lower atmosphere
Greenhouse effect
caused by the concentration of greenhouse gases
Climate change/ Global warming
fragile, invisible layer about 10–30 miles above the earth’s surface shields the planet from the sun’s hazardous
UV rays
ozone layer
what is causing the destruction of the ozone layer
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
types of chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
- Coolants in refrigerators
- Foaming agents
- Propellants
- Solvents
How is water purified?
*Screening
* Filtration
* Disinfection (chlorine)
How many people do not have safe drinking water
2 billion people
how many people do not have access to safe sanitation
4.5 Billion
sewage is often contaminated with
heavy metals: lead, cadmium, copper, and tin.
specialized proteins that can recognize and neutralize specific invaders are called antibodies. 4
Antibodies
