HLE 1150 quiz #4

Question 1

What are the two main types of cells of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 1

T cells and B cells

Question 2

T and B cells are known as

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Question 3

This cell becomes plasma that secretes antibodies

Answer 3

B cell

Question 4

T cells differentiate into

Answer 4

helper T cells, killer T cells, or suppressor
T cells

Question 5

Antigens

Answer 5

Substances that trigger the
immune response are called antigens

Question 6

What do Macrophages do?

Answer 6

engulf the invading microbe and convey danger to other immune system cells.

Question 7

Pus

Answer 7

dead white blood cells and debris– may collect at the cite infection

Question 8

primes the body to remember an
encounter with a specific antigen

Answer 8

Immunity

Question 9

what’s one way to promote immunity

Answer 9

vaccines

Question 10

Types of vaccines

Answer 10

-Attenuated organisms
-Killed Viruses
- mRNA

Question 11

In the past century, vaccines have helped increase American life span by ____ years.

Answer 11

30

Question 12

microscopic single-celled organisms

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

an inflammation of the lungs

Answer 13

Pneumonia

Question 14

inflammation of the meninges,( the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord)

Answer 14

Meningitis

Question 15

Streptococcus

Answer 15

strep throat and other streptococcal
infections

Question 16

Staphylococcus:

Answer 16

toxic shock syndrome and other staphylococcal infections

Question 17

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 17

Lung infection

Question 18

Most prevalent STI in U.S

Answer 18

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 19

How is Chlamydia diagnosed

Answer 19

lab test

Question 20

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 20

flourishes in mucous membranes

Question 21

How is gonorrhea transmitted

Answer 21

sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of a partner with gonorrhea

Question 22

Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 22

ceftriaxone

Question 23

concerned with the
collective interactions of humans with their environment and the health consequences of these
interactions

Answer 23

environmental health

Question 24

Environment

Answer 24

everything that surrounds us

Question 25

air pollution accounts for approximately ______ deaths per year

Answer 25

4.2 Million

Question 26

a mixture of other pollutants from car exhaust, power plants, and factory emissions

Answer 26

smog

Question 27

AQI range

Answer 27

0-500

Question 28

AQI stands for

Answer 28

Air Quality Index

Question 29

5 major air pollutants

Answer 29

-Carbon monoxide (CO) - sulfur dioxide (SO2), -nitrogen dioxide (NO2) - particulate matter (PM) -ground-level ozone

Question 30

reradiation causes a buildup of heat that raises the temperature of the lower atmosphere

Answer 30

Greenhouse effect

Question 31

caused by the concentration of greenhouse gases

Answer 31

Climate change/ Global warming

Question 32

fragile, invisible layer about 10–30 miles above the earth’s surface shields the planet from the sun’s hazardous UV rays

Answer 32

ozone layer

Question 33

what is causing the destruction of the ozone layer

Answer 33

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Question 34

types of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Answer 34

* Coolants in refrigerators * Foaming agents * Propellants * Solvents

Question 35

How is water purified?

Answer 35

*Screening * Filtration * Disinfection (chlorine)

Question 36

How many people do not have safe drinking water

Answer 36

2 billion people

Question 37

how many people do not have access to safe sanitation

Answer 37

4.5 Billion

Question 38

sewage is often contaminated with

Answer 38

heavy metals: lead, cadmium, copper, and tin.

Question 39

specialized proteins that can recognize and neutralize specific invaders are called antibodies. 4

Answer 39

Antibodies