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IB GRIND 2023 > HL Chemistry - Topic 1: Stoichiometric Relationships > Flashcards

HL Chemistry - Topic 1: Stoichiometric Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element?

A

Elements are substances made from one kind of atom

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

Compounds are made from 2 or more elements CHEMICALLY COMBINED

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3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Elements and compounds are interspersed with each other, but NOT chemically combined

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4
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

It has uniform composition and properties throughout

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5
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

It has non-uniform composition, so its properties are not the same throughout

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6
Q

Is heterogeneous mixture or homogeneous mixture possible to be separated?

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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7
Q

Is air a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

Homogeneous mixture

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8
Q

Is bronze (Alloy) a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

Homogeneous mixture

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9
Q

Is concrete a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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10
Q

Is orange juice with pulp a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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11
Q

What technique can be used to separate the components of air. And, what is the property that is different in the components?

A

Fractional distillation (of liquid air). Boiling points

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12
Q

What technique can be used to separate the components of salt and sand. And, what is the property that is different in the components?

A

Solution and filtration. Solubility in water

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13
Q

What technique can be used to separate the components of pigments in food colours. And, what is the property that is different in the components?

A

Paper chromatography. Adsorption on cellulose

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14
Q

What technique can be used to separate the components of Sulfur and iron. And, what is the property that is different in the components?

A

Using a magnet. Magnetism

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15
Q

What is the definition of the relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element?

A

It is the weighted average mass of one atom compared to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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16
Q

What is the definition of the relative isotopic mass?

A

It is the mass of a particular atom of an isotope compared to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

17
Q

What is the definition of an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

18
Q

How is the relative atomic mass calculated?

A

The sum of (isotope PERCENTAGE abundance x relative isotopic mass) / 100

19
Q

What is the definition of the relative molecular mass (Mr)?

A

It is the weighted average mass of a molecule compared to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

20
Q

What is the definition of molecular formula?

A

It is the formula that shows the number and type of each atom in a molecule

21
Q

What is the definition of empirical formula?

A

It is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in one molecule

22
Q

How to calculate empirical formula? Given mass and Mr

A
  1. Find the number of moles for each element
  2. Divide the moles with the lowest moles from all elements to give the ratio
23
Q

How to calculate empirical formula? Given percentage composition by mass of its elements

A
  1. Divide the % by atomic masses to find the moles of each element
  2. Divide the moles with the lowest moles from all elements to give the ratio
24
Q

How to calculate the molecular formula given the empirical formula and the molecular mass of the compound?

A
  1. Calculate the relative mass of empirical formula
  2. Divide molecular mass of compound by molecular mass of empirical formula
  3. Multiply the empirical formula from the answer in step 2
25
Q

What is the formula for percentage yield?

A

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

26
Q

What are 3 assumptions made in the kinetic theory of gases?

A
  1. No KE is lost when the gas molecules collide with each other
  2. The gas molecules do not attract or repel each other
  3. The gas molecules are moving very fast and randomly

IB GRIND 2023 (2 decks)

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