HIV Tx Acronyms Flashcards
ACE-I
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ADR
Adverse Drug reaction
ALT
Alanine transaminase: ALT is commonly measured clinically as part of liver function tests and is a component of the AST/ALT ratio.[2] When used in diagnostics, it is almost always measured in international units/liter (IU/L)[3] or µkat. While sources vary on specific reference range values for patients, 0-40 IU/L is the standard reference range for experimental studies.
ALP
Alkaline Phosphatase: An enzyme found throughout the body, especially in the liver and bone. Alkaline phosphatase may be measured as part of a liver function test.
ANC
Antenatal care
A&E
Accident and Emergency
ARB
Angiotensin receptor blocker: A protein found primarily on the surface of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells). To enter a host cell, HIV binds to a CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cell.
AST
Aspartate transaminase: AST is similar to alanine transaminase (ALT) in that both enzymes are associated with liver parenchymal cells.
BD
Twice daily
BF
Breastfeeding
CAG
Community ART Groups
CCC
Comprehensive Care Centre
CHV
Community Health Volunteer
CITC
Client-initiated HIV testing and counselling
CM
Cryptococcal meningitis: A life-threatening infection caused by the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, which infect the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, malaise, and headache. Cryptococcal meningitis most often affects people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV. In people with HIV, cryptococcal meningitis is an AIDS-defining condition.
CMV
Cytomegalovirus: A herpesvirus that can cause infection in many parts of the body. Typically, only people with weakened immune systems become seriously ill from cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. In people with HIV, CMV can cause serious illnesses, including pneumonia (infection of the lungs), gastroenteritis (infection of the gastrointestinal tract), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or retinitis (infection of the eye). CMV infection that begins more than one month after birth and affects a body part other than the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes is an AIDS-defining condition in people with HIV.
CPT
Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy
CrCl
Creatinine Clearance;A group of blood tests that measures several parameters, including blood sugar (glucose), proteins, electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium), waste products (such as blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine), and enzymes. The comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is used to assess overall health and to diagnose and guide treatment of numerous diseases.
CTX
Cotrimoxazole: a mixture of the drugs sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, used to treat bacterial infections synergistically.
CYP450
Cytochrome P450: A group of enzymes involved in the breakdown of drugs in the liver. Many drugs can inhibit or enhance the activity of these enzymes, causing drug levels in the blood to increase or decrease. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes metabolize all protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and can cause drug interactions that may result in adverse effects.
DAAs
Direct acting antiviral therapies
DMS
Director of Medical Services
DOT
Directly observed therapy
DS
Double strength
DRT
Drug Resistance Testing
EID
Early Infant Diagnosis
eMTCT
Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission
EPTB
Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis:
FBC
Full Blood Count
FBS
Fasting Blood Sugar
FDC
Fixed Dose Combination: Two or more drugs contained in a single dosage form, such as a capsule or tablet. An example of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) HIV drug is Atripla (a combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). By reducing the number of pills a person must take each day, fixed-dose combination drugs can help improve adherence to an HIV treatment regimen.
FLP
Fasting Lipid Profile
FP
Family Planning
GIT
Gastro-intestinal tract
GBV
Gender-Based Violence
Hb
Hemoglobin
HBsAg
Hepatitis B surface antigen
HEI
HIV Exposed Infant
HIVST
HIV self-testing
HTS
HIV Testing Services
ICF
Intensified case finding: Process of finding TB co-infection as soon as possible
INH
Isoniazid: TB medication–antibiotic
INSTI
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor: Antiretroviral (ARV) HIV drug class. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) block integrase (an HIV enzyme). HIV uses integrase to insert (integrate) its viral DNA into the DNA of the host CD4 cell. Blocking integrase prevents HIV from replicating.
IPT
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy: TB prophylaxis
IRIS
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: In HIV infection, an exaggerated inflammatory reaction to a disease-causing microorganism that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover following treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in two forms: “unmasking” IRIS refers to the flare-up of an underlying, previously undiagnosed infection soon after antiretroviral therapy (ART) is started; “paradoxical” IRIS refers to the worsening of a previously treated infection after ART is started. IRIS can be mild or life-threatening.
KS
Kaposi’s sarcoma: A rare type of cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of cells that line lymph and blood vessels. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) causes red or purple patches of tissue (lesions) to grow under the skin and in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat. Lesions may also develop in the digestive tract, liver, or lungs. KS generally occurs in people with weakened immune systems. In people with HIV, KS is an AIDS-defining condition.
LEEP
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
LLV
Low Level Viremia
MAC
Mycobacterium Avium Complex: An infection caused by a group of bacteria called Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAC includes Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and other similar mycobacteria species. MAC bacteria can be found in drinking water, dirt, and household dust. MAC infection usually starts in the lungs and intestines, but can spread throughout the body (disseminated). Symptoms of disseminated MAC infection include fever, night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, fatigue, and diarrhea. Most people with healthy immune systems are not affected by the bacteria. In people with HIV, MAC infection that is outside of the lungs (extrapulmonary) or that has disseminated is an AIDS-defining condition.
MNCH/FP
Maternal, neonatal and child health/family planning
MDT
Multi-disciplinary team
MEC
Medical Eligibility Criteria
MUAC
Mid-upper arm circumference
NACS
Nutritional Assessment, Counselling and Support
NASCOP
National AIDS and STI Control Program
NCD
Non-Communicable Diseases
NNRTI
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: Antiretroviral (ARV) HIV drug class. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind to and block HIV reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme). HIV uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA (reverse transcription). Blocking reverse transcriptase and reverse transcription prevents HIV from replicating.
NRTI
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: Antiretroviral (ARV) HIV drug class. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme). HIV uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA (reverse transcription). Blocking reverse transcriptase and reverse transcription prevents HIV from replicating.
Od
Once daily
OST
Opioid substitution therapy
OVC
Orphans and vulnerable children
PCP
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: Formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A lung infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. Symptoms include a cough (often mild and dry), fever, and shortness of breath. The fungus is common in the environment and does not cause illness in healthy people. Most people who get Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia have weakened immune systems due to HIV/AIDS, cancer treatments, or organ transplants. In people with HIV, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an AIDS-defining condition.
PGL
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) in at least two areas of the body for at least 3 months. In people with HIV, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is associated with early stages of HIV infection and with certain opportunistic infections.
PHDP
Positive Health, Dignity, and Prevention
PI
Protease inhibitor: Antiretroviral (ARV) HIV drug class. Protease inhibitors (PIs) block protease (an HIV enzyme). By blocking protease, PIs prevent new (immature) HIV from becoming a mature virus that can infect other CD4 cells.
PML
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy:
A rare disorder of the central nervous system caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV). Most people are infected with JCV by 10 years of age; however, only people with weakened immune systems develop progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML is primarily characterized by damage to myelin in the brain. Symptoms of PML vary and can include loss of coordination, loss of speech, vision problems, and progressive weakness in the arms and legs. In people with HIV, PML is an AIDS-defining condition.
PMTCT
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission
PPE
Papular pruritic eruptions
NHCSC
National HIV Clinical Support Centre
RPR
Rapid Plasma Reagin:
Rapid plasma reagin
Medical diagnostics
Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis.
Purposetest to indicate a syphilis infection
The rapid plasma reagin test (RPR test or RPR titer) is a type of rapid diagnostic test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient that may indicate a syphilis infection. It is one of several nontreponemal tests for syphilis (along with the Wassermann test and the VDRL test).
sCrAg
Serum cryptococcal antigen:
A life-threatening infection caused by the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, which infect the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, malaise, and headache. Cryptococcal meningitis most often affects people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV. In people with HIV, cryptococcal meningitis is an AIDS-defining condition.
TT
Tetanus Toxoid
ULN
Upper Limit of Normal
VIA
Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid
VMMC
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
