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Ortho EOR > HIV Meds > Flashcards

HIV Meds Flashcards

1
Q

what does HAART stand for

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

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2
Q

6 steps to HIV replication

A

entry (binding and fusion)
reverse transcription
integration
replication (transcription and translation)
assembly
budding and maturation

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3
Q

CCR5 antagonist

A

Maraviroc

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4
Q

what do you have to use for pt prior to initiating a CCR5 antagonist

A

tropism assay

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5
Q

fusion inhibitors

A

Enfuvirtide (T-20)

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6
Q

MOA fusion inhibitors

A

bind to envelope glycoprotein 41 to prevent viral fusion to CD4 T cell

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7
Q

attachment inhibitors

A

Fostemsavir

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8
Q

Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

A

Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
Tenofovir alafenamide
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Zidovudine

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9
Q

what strands are NRTIs active against

A

HIV 1 and HIV 2

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10
Q

what NRTIs are active against hepatitis B

A

Lamivudine
Emtricitabine
Tenofovir

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11
Q

MOA NRTIs

A

intracellular phosphorylation –> active triphosphate form inhibits oral replication through competitive binding

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12
Q

BBW for NRTIs

A

lactic acidosis

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13
Q

what do you have to test before starting Abacavir

A

HLA-B*5701

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14
Q

who should avoid Abacavir

A

those who test positive for HLA-B*5701
CAD and risk factors for CAD

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15
Q

what NRTIs should not be combined

A

lamivudine and emtricitabine – they are structurally similar and will compete

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16
Q

main ADE of tenofovir

A

kidney injury
bone loss

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17
Q

what was the first antiretroviral med for HIV

A

Zidovudine

18
Q

what NRTI significant reduces in utero transmission from mother to fetus and is often given during L&D

A

Zidovudine

19
Q

what medication should not be used with zidovudine

A

stavudine

20
Q

what GI illness is lamivudine associated with

A

pancreatitis

21
Q

what NRTI combo is technically first line

A

Abacavir/Lamivudine

22
Q

what does TAF stand for

A

tenofovir alafenamide

23
Q

what does TDF stand for

A

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

24
Q

between TAF and TDF, which is administered at lower doses

A

TAF (TAF will have decreased plasma levels but increased intracellular concentrations)

25
Q

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

A

Doravirine
Efavirenz
Etravirine
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine

26
Q

what NNRTI should not be used for treatment naive patients

A

etravirine

27
Q

what are NNRTIs active against

A

ONLY HIV1

28
Q

what medication is associated with depression and is contraindicated in patients with clinical depression

A

Efavirenz (NNRTI)

29
Q

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)

A

Bictegravir
Cabotegravir
Dolutegravir
Elvitegravir
Raltegravir

30
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A

Atazanavir
Atazanavir-cobocistat
Darunavir
Darunavir-cobicistat
Fosemprenavir
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Nelfinavir
Ritonavir
Tipranavir
Indinavir

31
Q

what class of meds is also administered with a boosting agent? what are those boosting agents?

A

Protease inhibitors

Ritonavir or Cobicistat

32
Q

MOA protease inhibitors

A

competitively inhibit the cleavage of the Gag-Pol poly proteins in HIV-infected cells which is crucial for viral maturation –> production of immature visions that are not infectious

33
Q

Post-attachment inhibitors

A

Ibalizumab

34
Q

MOA post-attachment inhibitors

A

MAB that binds to CD4 molecule which does not prevent attachment, but prevents viral entry

35
Q

what does PrEP stand for

A

pre-exposure prophylaxis

36
Q

options for PrEP and what is recommended for most

A

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (Truvada) - recommended for most
tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine (Descovy)

injectable - Cabotegravir

37
Q

What does PEP stand for

A

post-exposure prophylaxis

38
Q

options for PEP

A

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine plus an INSTI (raltegravir or dolutegravir)

raltegravir seems to be what is recommended for occupational exposure

39
Q

prophylactic treatment for coccidiomycosis

A

fluconazole is < 250 cells/microL

40
Q

prophylactic tx for pneumocystis

A

TMP-SMX if < 200 cells/microL

41
Q

prophylactic tx for toxoplasma

A

TMP-SMX if < 100 cells/microL

42
Q
A

Ortho EOR (1 decks)

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