Hiv In Pregnancy

Question 1

What is HIV

Answer 1

A single-stranded, enveloped RNA retrovirus, with two major strains 1 and 2

Question 2

Explain the steps of HIV (part 1)

Answer 2

1. Binding: HIV binds to a CDC receptor and one of two co-receptors CXCR4 or CCR5
2. fusion : The virus fuses with the host cell membrane and releases Hs genetic material (RNA) into the cell.
3. Reverse transcriptase: The single stranded RNA is converted into double stranded DNA by the reverse transcriptase enzyme

Question 3

How HIV works part 2

Answer 3

4. Integration: DNA HIV enters the nucleus and the intergrase enzyme the cells DNA (real) and inserts the HIV DNA
   5: Transcription and translation: The enzyme RNA polymerase makes RNA copies of DNA, HIV RNA is either inserted into new virus particles or processed and translated into HIV protein
5. Assembly: The long protein chains are cut into individual proteins by the enzyme HIV protease. A new virus is assembled with these proteins and HIV RNA
6. Release: The new virus particle is released from the host cell taking with it part of the cell’s membrane and capable of infecting other cells

Question 4

Name 6 opportunistic disease seen in HIV pt

Answer 4

PJP pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Toxoplasmosis, TB

CMV, candidiasis, non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 5

What are the screening test used in HIV

Answer 5

Enzyme immunoassay
If possible confirm with western blot or ELISA
PCR used in neonates and problematic antibody screen

Question 6

Name atleast 3 symptoms for every HIV stage

Answer 6

1. Asymptomatic, persistent generalized lymphoadenopatly
2. Unexplained weight loss about 10%, recurrent Respiratory infection, herpes
3. severe weight loss more than 10%., chronic diarrhea, oral candida
4. HIV wasting syndrome, pneumocystis pneumonia, kaposi sarcoma

Question 7

What is the ART therapy

Answer 7

• Tenofovir and lamivudine and dolutegravir

Question 8

Name 5 side effects

Answer 8

Nausea diarhea and vomiting, anemia, hepatotoxicity, osteoporosis