HIV group Discussion 7 & class notes HIV Flashcards
What activities are believed to have allowed HIV to enter the human population?
Hunters-butchering monkeys, and using monkeys as pets
Allowed for
SIV —–> HIV
Trace the emergence of the pandemic group of HIV in the human population from non-human primates to it’s probable epicenter
Greater spot nosed monkeys & red capped mangabeys->chimpanzee->human->
Kinshasa (chimpanzee infected human central Africa)
Why is Central Africa believe to be the epicenter of HIV pandemic?
All HIV groups are found in Central Africa
Largest population of unclassified strands of HIV
Territory of chimpanzees caring SIV strains similar to HIV-1
“Pure” subtypes of HIV found in Central Africa
Why is Central Africa believe to be the epicenter of HIV pandemic?
All HIV groups are found in Central Africa
Largest population of unclassified strands of HIV
Territory of chimpanzees caring SIV strains similar to HIV-1
“Pure” subtypes of HIV found in Central Africa
Oldest known human sample
Describe the importance of HIV diversity
All of the following are affected by HIV diversity:
Disease progression and transmission are related to the diversity of HIV
Diagnosis and measurement of viral load
Response to HAART and drug resistance
Immune response
Vaccine development
drug resistance
human response unable to keep up with speed of mutations
Entrance of HIV into human population greatly affected by ability of virus to MUTATE
Why is HIV diversity a central issue for vaccine development?
Multiple strains in one individual Multiple strains in population Rapid evolution Generation of escape mutants High mutation rate with replication The ability of a vaccine to deal with all the mutations that arise is a huge challenge
what kind of virus is HIV?
retrovirus
How is genetic diversity in HIV generated?
Poor replication-inaccurate copying of genetic material
how does HIV generate mutations?
poor fidelity of reverse transcriptase (poor proof reader of it’s copy leads to lots of mistakes = mutations)
Does HIV have a latency period?
NO (HIV is never latent)
what is meant by HIV entered the human population multiple times?
each Group (O,P,N,M) are all separate incidences of the virus crossing from primates to humans
Which stain is responsible for the pandemic?
HIV-1 Group M
HIV-1 Group M what does the M stand for?
Major
what does SIVcpz mean?
SIVgor? SIVrcm?
SIV in chimpanzees
SIV in gorillas
SIV in red capped mangabeys
affected/high risk population in US for contracting HIV?
Russia?
Africa?
US -> homosexual sex and IV drug users
Russia-> IV drug users
Africa-> heterosexual sex
