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Virology > HIV and ARTs > Flashcards

HIV and ARTs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the NRTIs (Nucleoside & nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

A 
Lamivudine
Emtricitabine
Abacavir
Zidovudine
&
Tenofovir

Mnemonic: Ten-Lam-Em-Aba-Zid

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2
Q

What is the main side effect of Abacavir (NRTI)?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

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3
Q

What is the main side effect of Tenofovir (NRTI)?

A

Nephrotoxicity (Fanconi’s syndrome)

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4
Q

Name the NNRTIs (Non-Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors)

A

Efavirenz
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine
Etravirine

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5
Q

Name the protease inhibitors (PIs) and their boosters

A

Darunavir
Atazanavir
Lopinavir
Boosters: Ritonavir or Cobicistat

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6
Q

What is the main side effect of PIs? Including the Ritonavir booster (at low [C]).

A

GI toxicity

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7
Q

Name some integrase inhibitors? What are their side effects?

A

Raltegravir, Elvitegravir, Dolutegravir

They have few side effects.

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8
Q

What is the CD4 count threshold for Toxoplasmosis encephalitis?

A

< 100 CD4 cells / mm3

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9
Q

What is the CD4 count threshold for Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

< 200 CD4 cells / mm3

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10
Q

What is the CD4 count threshold for TB?

A

< 300 CD4 cells / mm3

TB is seen at any point (before clinical diagnosis of AIDS, which is defined in part as < 200 CD4 cells / mm3)

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11
Q

What is the CD4 count threshold Cryptococcal meningitis?

A

< 100 CD4 cells / mm3

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12
Q

What is the CD4 count threshold for CMV or Mycobacterium-Avian Complex (MAC)?

A

< 50 CD4 cells / mm3

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13
Q

What is the treatment / prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Lipo Amphotericin B + Flucytosine, followed by Fluconazole.

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15
Q

What is the treatment for CMV retinitis & encephalitis?

A

Gancyclovir

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16
Q

What is the treatment for MAC visceral dissemination?

A

Azythromycin (macrolide) + Ethambutol

17
Q

What is the treatment for Toxoplasomsis?

What is the prophylaxis for Toxoplasomsis?

A

Tx: Pyrimenthamine - Sulfadiazine
PPX: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

18
Q

What does early age onset of Shingles (Zoster) suggest? (e.g. a 25 year old male has Zoster lesions or scars along a lymphatic tract)?

A

Highly suggestive of HIV infection.

19
Q

What do non-healing HSV lesions (especially peri-anal lesions) suggest?

A

Highly suggestive of HIV infection.

20
Q

What is the standard of care ART treatment (aka HAART)?

A

2 NRTIs + one other class. E.g. 2 NRTIs + 1 PI (+ booster)

21
Q

Who do you treat with HAART?

A

Every HIV infected person + candidates for prophylaxis.

Virology (2 decks)

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