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Med Surg 3 Exam 2 > HIV and AIDs > Flashcards

HIV and AIDs Flashcards

1
Q

What is HIV

A

defective immune system, especially CD4+ Tcell
more then 200 CD2 Tcell

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2
Q

what is AIDs

A

stage 3 HIV - acquired immunodeficiency
HIV positive and CD4 Tcell count less then 200 OR AIDS- defining illness (opportunistic)

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3
Q

how is HIV/AIDs transmitted

A

blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk

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4
Q

what are some variables that influence establishment of HIV infection

A

duration and frequency of contact, volume virulence and concentration of virus, host immune status

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5
Q

what are some risk factors for HIV

A

unprotected sex, multiple sex partners, occupational exposure, perinatal exposure, IV drug use with contaminated needle, blood transfusions, older adult clients

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6
Q

how is HIV/AIDs diagnosed

A

HIV antibody screening test (ELISA), confirm with additional HIV antibody test- western blot ot indirect immunofluorescence assay, or nucleic acid test to look for actual virus

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7
Q

when does manifestation occur for stage 1 of HIV

A

2-4 weeks after infection

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8
Q

what are the ss of stage 1 HIV

A

fever, sore throat, rash, night sweats, chills, headache, lymphadenopathy, muscle aches, fatigue

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9
Q

what are the CD4 Tcell level in stage 1 HIV

A

over 500 and increased CD8 T cells

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10
Q

what are the CD4 t cell count for HIV stage 2

A

200-499

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11
Q

what are the manifestations of HIV stage 2

A

chronic infection, asymptomatic or mild symptoms, when drug therapy is started, intermittent acute infections and periods of wellness

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12
Q

what is stage 3 HIV characterized by

A

AIDs - life threatening opportunistic infections from severely compromised immune system

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13
Q

what are the labs for AIDs

A

CD4 count less then 200, high blood immunoglobulin levels, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia and lymphocytopenia

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14
Q

what respiratory ss are seen in AIDS

A

cough, SOB

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15
Q

what cardiovascular ss are seen in AIDS

A

hypertension, arthersclerosis

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16
Q

what GI ss are seen in AIDS

A

diarrhea, weight loss (wasting syndrome), n/v

17
Q

what skin ss are seen in AIDS

A

dry skin, lesions, poor wound healing, night sweats

18
Q

what CNS ss are seen in AIDS

A

confusion, h/a, fever, visual changes, seizures

19
Q

what is pain caused in AIDS

A

enlarged organs, tumors, peripheral neuropathy

20
Q

what endocrine ss are seen in AIDS

A

gonadal dysfunction, body shape changes, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes, elevated triglycerides/cholesterol

21
Q

how does HIV viral load test work

A

directly measures the amount of HIV viral RNA particles present in 1ml of blood, used before treatments and measures therapy effectivness

22
Q

what is the normal CD4 to CD8 ratio

A

2:1

23
Q

why use HIV genotype or HIV tropism test

A

guides changes in medication therapy when resistance occurs

24
Q

what are patient goals and teaching for HIV

A

monitoring HIV progression and immune function, initiating and monitoring drug therapy, preventing opportunistic infections, managing symptoms, preventing further transmission of HIV, psychosocial assessment

25
Q

what does post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) med work

A

antiretroviral meds taken within 36hrs of exposure, reduces HIV ability to replicate and spread, combo therapy of 2-3 drugs taken for 28 days, not always effective

26
Q

how does combination antiretroviral therapy work

A

decreases viral replication by 90-99% when taken correctly - adherence is vital - resistance to antiretroviral drugs is a major problem

27
Q

how does Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) work

A

NRTIs block transcription of viral RNA to DNA

28
Q

how does Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) work

A

NNRTIs block enzyme reverse transcriptase (Ex: Doravirine)

29
Q

how does Protease Inhibitors (PIs) work

A

PIs block the action of an HIV enzyme calledproteasethat allows HIV to produce infectious copies of itself within HIV-infected human cells. (Ex: Ritonavir)

30
Q

how does Fusion Inhibitors (FI) work

A

Block the fusion of HIV with the host cell by blocking the gp41 protein on the HIV cell (which is needed to bind to CD4 T-cells) (Ex: Enfuvirtide)

31
Q

how does Integrase Inhibitors work

A

Inhibit the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into human DNA (Ex: Raltegravir)

32
Q

what are some ways to delay disease progression of HIV

A

nutritional support, stay up to date on immunizations, adequate rest and exercise, avoid exposure to new infections, prevention teaching, needle exchange program, remain compliant with meds

Med Surg 3 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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