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NTR 321 > HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What is HIV?

A

Human immunodeficiency virus; retrovirus that attacks and destroys or impairs immune cells

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2
Q

Where is HIV most prevalent?

A

Southern Africa

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3
Q

What are the demographic effects of HIV?

A
  • dec life expectancy
  • dec economic contribution/work force
  • children frequently have inc mortality and become orphaned
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4
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A
  • sexual contact
  • maternal to child transmission (MTCT) (esp during birth and breastfeeding)
  • blood products
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5
Q

What is AIDS?

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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6
Q

How is the AIDS stage defined?

A

Infections, certain cancers

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7
Q

How do AIDS measurements differ between developed and developing countries?

A

In developed, we do blood draws to check CD4/HIV load, but you don’t have that kind of set up in rural Africa

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8
Q

What does the UN focus on in its HIV/AIDS efforts?

A

Improved access to ARVs NOT on prevention

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9
Q

What was AIDS originally called?

A

“Slim Disease” c. 1985 because of unexplained wasting

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10
Q

Prophylactics for this disease became part of the treatment course for HIV/AIDS in 1987

A

What is pneumonia?

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11
Q

What percentage of new HIV infections occur in low/middle income countries?

A

97%

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12
Q

Who is most likely to get HIV?

A

young women and their children

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13
Q

What (societal) things can really effect spread of HIV?

A
  • educating women
  • educating about HIV/AIDS
  • encouraged sexual autonomy for women
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14
Q

Clinical features of HIV?

A

Stage 1: asymptomatic
Stage 2: unexplained weight loss, herpes zoster, chelitis/ulceration, dermatitis
Stage 3: severe weight loss, diarrhea, fever, oral hairy leukoplakia
Stage 4: pneumonia, chronic herpes simplex. esophageal candidiasis, kaposi’s sarcoma, meningitis, TB

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15
Q

What is the course of HIV–>AIDS?

A

Primary HIV infection –> asymptomatic HIV –> symptomatic HIV –> AIDS

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16
Q

What kind of relationship do HIV/AIDS have?

A

bidirectional

17
Q

How does nutrition affect HIV/AIDS?

A

micronutrients, basic macro intakes, antioxidants, reinforces the effects of the drugs, can reduce the impact of infection

18
Q

How does HIV/AIDS affect nutrition?

A
  • wasting, mouth sores, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea can all block intake
  • drugs can cause appetite loss, block absorption
19
Q

What are the family burdens?

A
  • caring for the sick person
  • paying healthcare
  • absorbing the earnings loss
20
Q

Importance of Vit A?

A
  • keeps the lining of skin, gut, lungs healthy
  • deficiency inc severity of diseases like diarrhea
  • deficiency –> inc mortality
  • associated with acute phase response (marker of disease progression)
21
Q

Importance of Vit E?

A
  • protects cells and aids resistance to infection
  • maintains cell wall structure
  • dec intake assoc with HIV –> AIDS
22
Q

Importance of Vit C?

A
  • protects from infection, aids in recovery

- inc intake assoc with slower progression of disease

23
Q

Importance of B vitamins?

A
  • keeps immune and nervous system healthy
  • may be lost through TB treatment
  • more B vitamins = slower progression
24
Q

Iron and HIV/AIDS

A
  • iron-deficiency anemia is widespread esp in HIV/AIDS at risk populations
  • may inc acute phase response/inflammation
  • supplementation only for pregnant women
25
Q

Importance of selenium?

A

activates immune system

26
Q

Importance of zinc

A
  • important for immune system
  • deficiency reduces the appetite
  • BUT high levels assoc with faster progression (zinc fingers)
27
Q

What’s up with breastfeeding?

A
  • exclusive BF still recommended in developing countries, still assoc with lowest risk of MTCT when compared to predominant or mixed feeding
  • plus less risk of diarrhea or other infection
28
Q

Sexual transmission prevention strategies?

A
  • condoms
  • treatment of STDs
  • HIV counseling, testing, education
29
Q

MTCT prevention?

A
  • formula feeding (developed)
  • C-sections
  • ARV drugs
30
Q

T/F it is the leading infectious cause of death in developing countries

A

True af

NTR 321 (5 decks)

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