HIV

Question 1

HIV seroconversion presents very similarly to what other infection?

Answer 1

Glandular fever

Question 2

How long after the initial infection does HIV seroconversion illness typically occur?

Answer 2

3-12 weeks

Question 3

What is the best test to use for HIV detection at 4 weeks after possible exposure?

Answer 3

p24 antigen test

Question 4

When should initial testing for HIV be done in asymptomatic patients?

Answer 4

4 weeks after potential exposure

Question 5

After an initial negative result when testing an asymptomatic patient for HIV at 4 weeks, when should a repeat test be offered?

Answer 5

12 weeks after potential exposure

Question 6

What is the most common and accurate test for HIV?

Answer 6

HIV antibody test

Question 7

99% of patients with HIV develop antibodies by when?

Answer 7

3 months

Question 8

HAART involves a combination of at least how many drugs from how many different classes?

Answer 8

3 drugs from at least 2 different classes

Question 9

What is the typical combination of drugs used in HAART?

Answer 9

2 NRTIs and 1 of either a NNRTI or protease inhibitor

Question 10

It is recommended that patients with HIV start HAART when?

Answer 10

As soon as the diagnosis is made

Question 11

Zidovudine, abacavir, emtricitabine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, lamivudine and stavudine are all examples of which type of drug?

Answer 11

NRTIs

Question 12

What is a side effect that can be caused by all NRTI drugs?

Answer 12

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 13

What are some side effects of tenofovir?

Answer 13

Renal impairment and osteoporosis

Question 14

Nevirapine and efavirenz are all examples of which type of drug?

Answer 14

NNRTIs

Question 15

Indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir are all examples of which type of drug?

Answer 15

Protease inhibitors

Question 16

Raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir are all examples of which type of drug?

Answer 16

Integrase inhibitors

Question 17

Which group of ART drugs cause side effects such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and central obesity?

Answer 17

Protease inhibitors

Question 18

Post-exposure prophylaxis can be used up to how long following exposure to HIV?

Answer 18

72 hours

Question 19

How long should post-exposure prophylaxis be given for?

Answer 19

4 weeks

Question 20

What should be done before starting anyone on HIV post-exposure prophylaxis?

Answer 20

Test for pre-established HIV infection

Question 21

Hairy leukoplakia is an opportunistic infection that can occur in association with a CD4 count of 200-500. What organism is responsible for it?

Answer 21

EBV

Question 22

Kaposi’s sarcoma is an opportunistic infection that can occur in association with a CD4 count of 200-500. What organism is responsible for it?

Answer 22

Human herpes virus 8

Question 23

Progressive multifocal encephalopathy is an opportunistic infection that can occur in association with a CD4 count of 100-200. What organism is responsible for it?

Answer 23

JC virus

Question 24

A CD4 count of less than what is an indication to start PCP prophylaxis with low-dose co-trimoxazole?

Answer 24

200

Question 25

Which organism, a cause of meningitis in patients with HIV, stains with India ink?

Answer 25

Cryptococcus

Question 26

Primary CNS lymphoma is an opportunistic infection that can occur in association with a CD4 count of 50-100. What organism is responsible for it?

Answer 26

EBV

Question 27

What is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS?

Answer 27

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 28

What does a CXR of PCP typically show?

Answer 28

Bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates

Question 29

Exercise induced desaturation is a key clinical feature of what opportunistic infection occurring in patients with HIV?

Answer 29

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 30

What investigation is often required to demonstrate the pneumocystis organism causing pneumonia?

Answer 30

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Question 31

What organism causing opportunistic infections in patients with HIV shows characteristic cysts with silver stain?

Answer 31

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 32

How is pneumocystis pneumonia managed?

Answer 32

PO co-trimoxazole

Question 33

What is the most common cause of infective diarrhoea in patients with HIV?

Answer 33

Cryposporidium

Question 34

What organism accounts for 50% of all cerebral lesions in patients with HIV?

Answer 34

Toxoplasmosis

Question 35

A CT showing single or multiple ring enhancing lesions +/- mass effect in an HIV positive patient is most suggestive of what infection?

Answer 35

Toxoplasmosis

Question 36

Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine is the treatment for which opportunistic infection in HIV patients?

Answer 36

Toxoplasmosis

Question 37

Widespread demyelination due to infection of oligodendrocytes by the JC virus describes which opportunistic infection seen in HIV positive patients?

Answer 37

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 38

What virus is responsible for causing AIDS dementia complex?

Answer 38

The HIV virus itself

Question 39

Which HIV positive pregnant women should be offered anti-retroviral treatment?

Answer 39

All of them

Question 40

Vaginal delivery is deemed safe in HIV positive women if their viral load is less than what at 36 weeks?

Answer 40

50 copies/ml

Question 41

What is the recommended method of delivery in most pregnant women with HIV?

Answer 41

C-section

Question 42

Should any HIV positive woman in the UK be advised to breastfeed?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Which anti-retroviral drug can be infused during a C-section and be administered orally to a neonate?

Answer 43

Zidovudine

Question 44

If the maternal viral load is > 50 copies/ml, what anti-retroviral treatment should their baby receive as a neonate?

Answer 44

Triple therapy for 4-6 weeks