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HIV & AIDS > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

HIV attacks the _____ ____

A

T-cell Lymphocytes

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2
Q

The enzyme _____ ______ is the viral RNA copies itself into viral DNA in the nucleus

A

Reverse transcriptase

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3
Q

Another enzyme is called _____ that puts viral DNA into host cell DNA making a HIV factory

A

Integrase

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4
Q

The third enzyme is ____ and it cuts long chains into smaller pieces of viral particles. Some go to the cell wall and form buds. These buds will rupture and the small particles are released and ready to attack other T cells

A

Protease

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5
Q

_______ stores genetic info on RNA. (HIV FACT)

A

Retrovirus

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6
Q

____ is the virus

A

HIV

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7
Q

____ is the disease

A

AIDS

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8
Q

HIV is genetically incomplete- they have NO DNA. Like a brain with no body.

A

Know

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9
Q

_____ lymphocytes are called “helper cells” they alert the immune cell to produce antibodies

A

T4/CD4

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10
Q

___ cells produce antibodies

A

B cells

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11
Q

Why is HIV/AIDS a major prob

A 
Fading memories of epidemic 
Too young to remember scare
Increase in drug use 
Treatments prolonging life so greater risk of spreading
Increase resistance to drugs
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12
Q

HIV is a parasite

A

Know

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13
Q

What are the two projections outside of HIV called? They are used to invade T4s

A

gp120s and gp41s

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14
Q 
Inside HIV 
1. Two strands of RNA
2. 3 enzymes
A. Reverse transcriptase 
b. Integrase
C. Protease
A

Know

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15
Q

HIV loves the ___ cells because of the receptor sites for the gp120s

A

T4/CD4

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16
Q

HIV refuses or binds on the ___ cells

A

T4

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17
Q

Entry can be blocked by what

A

Entry inhibitors
Fuzeon
Selzentry

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18
Q

What’s the normal T4 count

A

800-1200 mm3

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19
Q

The maturation phase can be blocked by using drugs called

A

Maturation inhibitors

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20
Q

What is an object to use to prevent HIV

A

Condom

21
Q

T4 count is below ____ (normal is 800-1200) is HIV positive

A

500

22
Q

The amount of virus present in the body is the ____ ___

A

Viral load

23
Q

_____ is the production of HIV antibodies

A

Seroconversion

24
Q

____ ___ is the time required 6-12 weeks for antibodies become detectable

A

Window period

25
Q

The initial screening test

A

Elisa test

26
Q

The confirmatory test confirming the diagnosis

A

Western blot

27
Q

Goals in treatment

Keep T4 count below 350 mm3

Decrease viral load to undetectable level-50 to 500 copies depending on test used

Multidose cocktails lower resistance

A

Know

28
Q

What is the most significant threat to effective drug therapy

A

Patients failure to adhere therapy

29
Q

_____ block entry at co receptor sites on T4s

A

Fusion/entry inhibitors

30
Q

_____ which reverse transcriptase inhibitors binds go viral DNA

A

NRTI

31
Q

Which reverse transcriptase inhibitors bind directly to reverse transcriptase

A

NNRTI

32
Q

Which reverse transcriptase is activated when it enters T4s and causes premature termination of viral DNA

And is a substance that closely resembles another

A

Nucleotide analogue

33
Q

_____ inhibitors block the enzyme activity of integrase preventing the integration of viral DNA with the body cells DNA

A

Integrase inhibitors

34
Q

____ inhibits block the enzyme protease from cutting up the long strand of genetic material

A

Protease inhibitors

35
Q

____ inhibitors are in the developmental stage

A

Maturation inhibitors

36
Q

Opportunistic infections from HIV

A

Pneumocystis PNA
Cryptosporidosis
Candidiasis
CMV

37
Q

____ fight infection. They alert the immune system (B cells) one produce antibodies

A

T4

38
Q

Primary means of contracting HIV

4 of them

A 
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk
Perinatal transmission
39
Q

What are b lymphocytes

What do they do?

A

Product antibodies

40
Q

Replication of HIV

The enzyme reverse transcriptase converts HIV RNA to HIV DNA and the HIV is released through the gp41 to the t4 cell

A

Know this

41
Q

Which are the helper T cell that change the t4 genetic code and gets altered HIV to make more particles T4 cells nucleus and follows the DNA and forms long chains of particles

A

C4 lymphocytes

42
Q

What is the killer cells that change and become more aggressive toward infected cells

A

CD8-T8

43
Q

What produces antibodies to fight infection

A

B Lymphocytes

44
Q

What is AZT in HIV for expectant mothers?

A

They will take this before birth and Retrovir is given to the baby for 6 weeks and after six months it can be negative

45
Q

____ puts the VIRAL DNA into host cell DNA- HIV factory

A

Integrase

46
Q

_____ ____ is a type of connective tissue cancer common among those with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

47
Q

____ stores genetic info on RNA

A

Retrovirus

48
Q

____ ____ is a new drug selected patients and is done prior to FDA approval

A

Compassionate use

49
Q

What’s the med that we give to patients for appetize

A

Megace

HIV & AIDS (1 decks)

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