HIV Flashcards
HIV attacks the _____ ____
T-cell Lymphocytes
The enzyme _____ ______ is the viral RNA copies itself into viral DNA in the nucleus
Reverse transcriptase
Another enzyme is called _____ that puts viral DNA into host cell DNA making a HIV factory
Integrase
The third enzyme is ____ and it cuts long chains into smaller pieces of viral particles. Some go to the cell wall and form buds. These buds will rupture and the small particles are released and ready to attack other T cells
Protease
_______ stores genetic info on RNA. (HIV FACT)
Retrovirus
____ is the virus
HIV
____ is the disease
AIDS
HIV is genetically incomplete- they have NO DNA. Like a brain with no body.
Know
_____ lymphocytes are called “helper cells” they alert the immune cell to produce antibodies
T4/CD4
___ cells produce antibodies
B cells
Why is HIV/AIDS a major prob
Fading memories of epidemic Too young to remember scare Increase in drug use Treatments prolonging life so greater risk of spreading Increase resistance to drugs
HIV is a parasite
Know
What are the two projections outside of HIV called? They are used to invade T4s
gp120s and gp41s
Inside HIV 1. Two strands of RNA 2. 3 enzymes A. Reverse transcriptase b. Integrase C. Protease
Know
HIV loves the ___ cells because of the receptor sites for the gp120s
T4/CD4
HIV refuses or binds on the ___ cells
T4
Entry can be blocked by what
Entry inhibitors
Fuzeon
Selzentry
What’s the normal T4 count
800-1200 mm3
The maturation phase can be blocked by using drugs called
Maturation inhibitors
What is an object to use to prevent HIV
Condom
T4 count is below ____ (normal is 800-1200) is HIV positive
500
The amount of virus present in the body is the ____ ___
Viral load
_____ is the production of HIV antibodies
Seroconversion
____ ___ is the time required 6-12 weeks for antibodies become detectable
Window period
The initial screening test
Elisa test
The confirmatory test confirming the diagnosis
Western blot
Goals in treatment
Keep T4 count below 350 mm3
Decrease viral load to undetectable level-50 to 500 copies depending on test used
Multidose cocktails lower resistance
Know
What is the most significant threat to effective drug therapy
Patients failure to adhere therapy
_____ block entry at co receptor sites on T4s
Fusion/entry inhibitors
_____ which reverse transcriptase inhibitors binds go viral DNA
NRTI
Which reverse transcriptase inhibitors bind directly to reverse transcriptase
NNRTI
Which reverse transcriptase is activated when it enters T4s and causes premature termination of viral DNA
And is a substance that closely resembles another
Nucleotide analogue
_____ inhibitors block the enzyme activity of integrase preventing the integration of viral DNA with the body cells DNA
Integrase inhibitors
____ inhibits block the enzyme protease from cutting up the long strand of genetic material
Protease inhibitors
____ inhibitors are in the developmental stage
Maturation inhibitors
Opportunistic infections from HIV
Pneumocystis PNA
Cryptosporidosis
Candidiasis
CMV
____ fight infection. They alert the immune system (B cells) one produce antibodies
T4
Primary means of contracting HIV
4 of them
Blood Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk Perinatal transmission
What are b lymphocytes
What do they do?
Product antibodies
Replication of HIV
The enzyme reverse transcriptase converts HIV RNA to HIV DNA and the HIV is released through the gp41 to the t4 cell
Know this
Which are the helper T cell that change the t4 genetic code and gets altered HIV to make more particles T4 cells nucleus and follows the DNA and forms long chains of particles
C4 lymphocytes
What is the killer cells that change and become more aggressive toward infected cells
CD8-T8
What produces antibodies to fight infection
B Lymphocytes
What is AZT in HIV for expectant mothers?
They will take this before birth and Retrovir is given to the baby for 6 weeks and after six months it can be negative
____ puts the VIRAL DNA into host cell DNA- HIV factory
Integrase
_____ ____ is a type of connective tissue cancer common among those with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
____ stores genetic info on RNA
Retrovirus
____ ____ is a new drug selected patients and is done prior to FDA approval
Compassionate use
What’s the med that we give to patients for appetize
Megace
