HIV Flashcards
what type of Virus is HIV?
enveloped retrovirus
what is the viral surface protein on HIV?
gp120
what is the main way for the HIV virus to enter the cell?
HIV binds to the CD4 receptor
gp120 is used
the virus enters the cell
what is on macrophages and monocytes that allows entry?
CCR5
what are the different ways the hiv virus can enter the cell?
- gp120-CD4
- gp 120 + antibodies via Fc receptors
- gp120+ antibodies with complement domains and the complement receptors
how does the virus replicate it’s genetic contents?
- RNA to DNA via reverse transcriptase
- transported to the nucleus
- integrated into the cells DNA
what are the regulatory proteins?
- Tat
- Rev
- Nef
At what part in the HIV cycle does nucleoside analogues and nonnucleoside analogues work?
During reverse transcription from RNA to DNA
what cells are infected by HIV?
T helper cells
what is the role of gp41?
- enhances infection and fusion ability.
what are the three stages of disease progression?
- acute infection/ seroconversion stage; starts 2-3 weeks after infection
- asymptomatic stage
- persistant generalised lymphadenopathy
- AIDS
how do nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work?
inhibit transcription by binding viral DNA and terminating the DNA chain
e.g. zidovudine, lamivudine
how do non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work?
- inhibit reverse transcription by binding to the enzyme
eg nevirapine
efavirenz
how do nucleotide analogues work?
a competitive reverse transcriptase inhibitor and DNA chain terminator for example tenofovir
how do protease inhibitors work?
acts on the production of viral proteins and enzymes causing immature and dysfunctional viral particles i.e amprenavir and saquinavir
