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HIV > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

0
Q

CD4 count: PCP

A

<200

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1
Q

CD4 count: TB

A

<300

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2
Q

CD4 count, toxo & crypto

A

<100

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3
Q

CD4 count, CMV & MAC

A

<50

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4
Q

pulmonary sx, hilar adenopathy, disseminated extrapulmonary disease

A

TB

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5
Q

slow onset, fever, dry cough, dyspnea, respiratory failure

A

PCP

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6
Q

stroke or seizure (reactivation of old cysts?)

A

toxo

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7
Q

subacute meningitis, may disseminate

A

crypto

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8
Q

retinitis (necrosis, blindness), colitis, encephalitis, rarely pneumonia

A

CMV

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9
Q

widespread visceral dissemination in lymphatics, no inflammation

A

MAC

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10
Q

dx with +PPD (>5)

A

TB

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11
Q

dx w/ silver stain microscopy of alveolar lavage, “ground glass” on CT

A

PCP

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12
Q

dx w/ serum IgG, ring-enhancing lesions on brain MRI w/contrast

A

toxo

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13
Q

dx w/ CSF Ag test or India ink

A

crypto

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14
Q

dx w/ ocular exam, serum PCR

A

CMV

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15
Q

dx w/blood culture

A

MAC

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16
Q

PPX: INH for 9mos

A

TB

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17
Q

Tx/PPx Bactrim + adjunctive steroids

A

PCP

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18
Q

Tx: Pyrimenthamine-sulfadiazine, PPx Bactrim

A

toxo

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19
Q

no steroids! muddies presentation

A

toxo

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20
Q

brain biopsy if no response to treatment

A

toxo

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21
Q

PPx AmB and long-term fluconazole

A

Crypto

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22
Q

PPx Ganciclovir

A

CMV

23
Q

PPx: macrolide Tx: Azithromycin + Ethambutol

A

MAC

24
Q

vascular cancer triggered by HHV8 virus. purple/red/brown lesions on skin and epithelium

A

kaposi sarcoma

25
Q

CNS lymphoma, often one lesion (v. toxo)

A

non-Hodgkins lymphoma

26
Q

cheesy white plaques on buccal mucosa, noninvasive

A

mucosal candidiasis (thrush)

27
Q

clustered papular pustular rash

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

28
Q

chronic nonhealing genital/perianal vesicular lesions

A

HSV

29
Q

benign white corrugated plaque on lateral tongue

A

oral hairy leukoplasia

30
Q

JC-virus caused dementia

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

31
Q

NSRTIs

A

Emticitabine, Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Abacavir (FTC, 3TC, AZT/ZDV, ABC)

32
Q

NTRTI

A

Tenofavir (TDF)

33
Q

NRTI mec

A

competitively inhibit RT during DNA elongation

34
Q

NSRTI SEs

A

nausea, HA, lipodistrophy, peripheral neuropathy

35
Q

NTRTI SE

A

nephrotoxicity, fanconi syndrome, bone mineralization disorders

36
Q

NRTI resistance

A

mutation in RT active enzymatic site

37
Q

NNRTIs

A

Efavirenz, Nevirapine (1st), Etravirine, Rilpivirine (2nd)

38
Q

NNRTI mec

A

noncompetitive RT inhibition (HIV 1)

39
Q

NNRTI SE

A

increase or decrease CYP3A4, severe rash, hepatotoxicity

40
Q

efavirenz SE

A

neurocognitive impairment and tertogenicity

41
Q

NNRTI resistance

A

point mutation at binding site, rapid, cross-class

42
Q

protease inhibitors

A

atazanivir, darunavir, lopinavir

43
Q

always give with PIs

A

ritonavir booster!

44
Q

PI mec

A

competitively inhibits protease

45
Q

PI side effects

A

GI upset, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, CYP3A4 inhibition

46
Q

PI resistance

A

high barrier to resistance

47
Q

integrase inhibitors

A

raltegravir, elvitgravir, dolutegravir

48
Q

II mec

A

blocks integration into host genome

49
Q

II SE

A

most potent, few SE: HA, rash

50
Q

II resistance

A

rapid emergence of resistance

51
Q

fusion inhibitor

A

Enfuvirtide (T20)

52
Q

T20 mec

A

binds HIV gp41, blocks viral entry

53
Q

T20 SE

A

injectable only, so salvage regimen for MDR HIV

54
Q

CCR5 antagonist

A

maraviroc (R5 HIV only)

55
Q

maraviroc mec

A

binds CCR5 coreceptor, blocks viral entry (R5 only!)

56
Q

boosters (inhibit CYP3A4)

A

Ritonavir (w/PIs), Cobicistat (coformulated with integrase-inhibitor elvitegravir)

HIV (2 decks)

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